Computer program calculates gamma ray source strengths of materials exposed to neutron fluxes

Computer program contains an input library of nuclear data for 44 elements and their isotopes to determine the induced radioactivity for gamma emitters. Minimum input requires the irradiation history of the element, a four-energy-group neutron flux, specification of an alloy composition by elements, and selection of the output

Design of Modular, Shape-transitioning Inlets for a Conical Hypersonic Vehicle

For a hypersonic vehicle, propelled by scramjet engines, integration of the engines and airframe is highly desirable. Thus, the forward capture shape of the engine inlet should conform to the vehicle body shape. Furthermore, the use of modular engines places a constraint on the shape of the inlet sidewalls. Finally, one may desire a combustor cross- section shape that is different from that of the inlet. These shape constraints for the inlet can be accommodated by employing a streamline-tracing and lofting technique. This design technique was developed by Smart for inlets with a rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition. In this paper, we generalise that technique to produce inlets that conform to arbitrary shape requirements. As an example, we show the design of a body-integrated hypersonic inlet on a winged-cone vehicle, typical of what might be used in a three-stage orbital launch system. The special challenge of inlet design for this conical vehicle at an angle-of-attack is also discussed. That challenge is that the bow shock sits relatively close to the vehicle body

Determinants of response to a parent questionnaire about development and behaviour in 3 year olds: European multicentre study of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Background: We aimed to determine how response to a parent-completed postal questionnaire measuring development, behaviour, impairment, and parental concerns and anxiety, varies in different European centres. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 3 year old children, with and without congenital toxoplasmosis, who were identified by prenatal or neonatal screening for toxoplasmosis in 11 centres in 7 countries. Parents were mailed a questionnaire that comprised all or part of existing validated tools. We determined the effect of characteristics of the centre and child on response, age at questionnaire completion, and response to child drawing tasks. Results: The questionnaire took 21 minutes to complete on average. 67% (714/1058) of parents responded. Few parents (60/1058) refused to participate. The strongest determinants of response were the score for organisational attributes of the study centre (such as direct involvement in follow up and access to an address register), and infection with congenital toxoplasmosis. Age at completion was associated with study centre, presence of neurological abnormalities in early infancy, and duration of prenatal treatment. Completion rates for individual questions exceeded 92% except for child completed drawings of a man (70%), which were completed more by girls, older children, and in certain centres. Conclusion: Differences in response across European centres were predominantly related to the organisation of follow up and access to correct addresses. The questionnaire was acceptable in all six countries and offers a low cost tool for assessing development, behaviour, and parental concerns and anxiety, in multinational studies

Numerical modeling of highly doped Si:P emitters based on Fermi–Dirac statistics and self-consistent material parameters

We have established a simulation model for phosphorus-doped silicon emitters using Fermi–Dirac statistics. Our model is based on a set of independently measured material parameters and on quantum mechanical calculations. In contrast to commonly applied models, which use Boltzmann statistics and apparent band-gap narrowing data, we use Fermi–Dirac statistics and theoretically derived band shifts, and therefore we account for the degeneracy effects on a physically sounder basis. This leads to unprecedented consistency and precision even at very high dopant densities. We also derive the hole surface recombination velocity parameter Spo by applying our model to a broad range of measurements of the emitter saturation current density. Despite small differences in oxide quality among various laboratories, Spo generally increases for all of them in a very similar manner at high surfacedoping densities Nsurf. Pyramidal texturing generally increases Spo by a factor of five. The frequently used forming gas anneal lowers Spo mainly in low-doped emitters, while an aluminumanneal(Al deposit followed by a heat cycle) lowers Spo at all Nsurf.P.P.A. is on a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Australian Research Council ~ARC!. The Center for Photovoltaic Engineering is supported by ARC’s Special Research Centres Scheme. A.C. and M.K. also acknowledge funding by the ARC

Stuck in the slow lane: reconceptualising the links between gender, transport and social exclusion

This article draws upon primary research undertaken with over 3,000 women in the North East of England to explore the links between women, transport and the labour market. The research, funded by the ESF, advances the idea of spatiality as a social construction and builds on seminal studies relating to women and poverty to consider the way in which a gender division of transport constrains women's mobility and restricts their employment opportunities. It is likely to contribute to important debates, concerning strategies to tackle worklessness and the most effective spatial level at which to configure public transport networks

Component-Based Real-Time Operating System for Embedded Applications

Acceptance rate: 37%, Rank (CORE): AInternational audienceAs embedded systems must constantly integrate new functionalities, their developement cycles must be based on high-level abstractions, making the software design more flexible. CBSE provides an approach to these new requirements. However, low-level services provided by operating systems are an integral part of embedded applications, furthermore deployed on resource-limited devices. Therefore, the expected benefits of CBSE must not impact on the constraints imposed by the targetted domain, such as memory footprint, energy consumption, and execution time. In this paper, we present the componentization of a legacy industry-established Real-Time Operating System, and how component-based applications are built on top of it. We use the Think framework that allows to produce flexible systems while paying for flexibility only where desired. Performed experimentions show that the induced overhead is negligeable

International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) Vent Flow Reflection and Detection by Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL)

On-orbit Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) (i.e., mass spectrometer and ion gauge) measurements on the International Space Station (ISS) are presented to show the detection of recurring Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) vents at multiple ISS locations and RELL pointing directions. The path of ECLSS effluents to the RELL detectors is not entirely obvious at some locations, but the data indicates that diffuse gas-surface reflection or scattering resulting from plume interaction with vehicle surfaces is responsible. RELL was also able to confirm the ISS ECLSS constituents and distinguish them from the ammonia leak based on the ion mass spectra and known venting times during its operation to locate a leak in the ISS port-side External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) coolant loop

‘With us, we, like, physically can’t’: transport, mobility and the leisure experiences of teenage wheelchair users

This paper reflects upon the experiences of 69 British teenage wheelchair users in their attempts to access leisure environments. Heiser’s (Heiser, B. 1995. “The Nature and Causes of Transport Disability in Britain, and How to Remove It.” In Removing Disability Barriers, edited by G. Zarb, 49–64. London: Policy Studies Institute) notion of transport disability is developed, and the concepts of transport anxiety and mobility dependency are explored. The challenges that young people in general experience when attempting to access public and private forms of transport (namely, buses, trains, taxis and private cars) are discussed, and the additional ‘layers’ of disadvantage experienced by teenage wheelchair users explored. The ramifications of barriers to transport for young wheelchair users in particular are shown

Natural and Induced Environment around the International Space Station (ISS) as Observed during On-Orbit Operations of the Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL)

Final Document is attached. The Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) was deployed to the International Space Station (ISS) with the goal of detecting and locating on-orbit leaks around the ISS. Three activities to investigate and corroborate the background natural and induced environment of ISS were performed with RELL as part of the on-orbit validation and demonstration conducted in November December 2016. The first demonstration activity pointed RELL directly in the ram and wake directions for one orbit each. The ram facing measurements showed high partial pressure for mass-to-charge ratio 16, corresponding to atomic oxygen (AO), as well as the presence of mass-to-charge ratio 17. RELLs view in the wake-facing direction included more ISS structure and several Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on-orbit vents were detected, including the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA), Russian segment ECLSS, and Sabatier vents. The second demonstration activity pointed RELL at three faces of the P1 Truss segment. Effluents from ECLSS and European Space Agency (ESA) Columbus module on-orbit vents were detected by RELL. The partial pressures of mass-to-charge ratios 17 and 18 remained consistent with the first on-orbit activity of characterizing the natural environment. The third demonstration activity involved RELL scanning an Active Thermal Control System (ATCS) radiator. Three locations along the radiator were scanned and the angular position of RELL with respect to the radiator was varied. Mass-to-charge ratios 16 and 17 both had upward shifts in partial pressure when pointing toward the Radiator Beam Valve Modules (RBVMs), likely corresponding to a known, small ammonia leak