Longevity and Weight Loss of Free-flying Male Cecropia Moths, \u3ci\u3eHyalophora Cecropia\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

During their spring flight season, free-ranging male cecropia moths lived a maximum of 12 days (one of 124 recaptured moths of 387 released moths). The number of survivors declined precipitiously after day five; five to seven days is probably the usual life span. The recaptured moths did not have different initial weights than those that were not recaptured. The larger the moth the more absolute weight it lost and the faster it lost weight during the first few days. A moth lost about 20% of its weight during the first night of flight and accumulated about a 40% weight loss during the remainder of its life

Employee Pay and Benefit Preferences

Malgré une augmentation continue de la proportion des avantages sociaux dans la masse salariale totale, peu d'employeurs connaissent d'une façon précise les véritables préférences des employés. Cet article analyse les résultats d'une étude qui s'efforçait d'apprécier les préférences des travailleurs pour certaines formes de compensation dans six entreprises localisées en Ontario. Les recherches de cette étude se fondent sur la définition du concept d'avantages sociaux, sur la description de la raison d'être de l'accroissement de ces avantages tant pour ce qui est des employeurs que des employés et sur l'importance de la méthodologie dans la détermination du choix des travailleurs.On a défini ainsi les avantages sociaux : tout coût de la main-d'oeuvre ajouté à la rémunération normale (salaires et traitements) versé pour une période de travail. On présume que les employeurs les offrent afin d'attirer et de garder les employés à leur service ou afin de les inciter à augmenter leur productivité. Les employés préfèrent les régimes d'avantages sociaux faits sur mesure. La raison en est que leurs besoins diffèrent selon leur âge, leur état matrimonial, etc. Quant aux jeunes travailleurs, la plupart d'entre eux s'opposent à toute forme d'embrigadement.L'importance de la méthodologie dans la détermination de la préférence des employés est une question ardue. Il y est discuté du pour et du contre en ce quitouche les trois façons d'apprécier leurs préférences : ce sont le questionnaire général, la technique du choix par ordre de préférence et la méthode comparative par jumelage.Dans cette étude, les auteurs ont eu recours à la méthode comparative par jumelage. L'échantillonnage portait sur 128 employés de six entreprises du sud de l'Ontario. On a choisi au hasard les employés à qui le questionnaire fut remis. Le questionnaire offrait cinq options qu'ils pouvaient comparer l'une par rapport à une autre. Les options étaient les suivantes : pension, assurance sur la vie, vacances, augmentation de salaire, assurance médicale.En résumé, la préférence, par ordre d'importance décroissante, s'est ainsi manifestée : augmentation de salaire, prolongement des vacances, abonnissement du régime de retraite, du régime d'assurance sur la vie et du régime d'assurance médicale. Dans les six entreprises, les employés ont exprimé d'une façon générale leur préférence pour l'augmentation de salaire. Ce qu'ils recherchèrent le moins, ce fut l'amélioration des régimes d'assurance sur la vie et d'assurance médicale. Analysées en regard des données démographiques recueillies, les divergences se sont exprimées suivant l'âge et la durée du service.Despite a continuing growth of fringe benefits as a proportion of the total wage bill, few employees have any definite knowledge of what fringes employees really prefer. This article reports the results of a study which attempted to measure employees preferences for alternative forms of compensation in six organizations located in Ontario, Canada

Stability of the replica-symmetric saddle-point in general mean-field spin-glass models

Within the replica approach to mean-field spin-glasses the transition from ergodic high-temperature behaviour to the glassy low-temperature phase is marked by the instability of the replica-symmetric saddle-point. For general spin-glass models with non-Gaussian field distributions the corresponding Hessian is a $2^n\times 2^n$ matrix with the number $n$ of replicas tending to zero eventually. We block-diagonalize this Hessian matrix using representation theory of the permutation group and identify the blocks related to the spin-glass susceptibility. Performing the limit $n\to 0$ within these blocks we derive expressions for the de~Almeida-Thouless line of general spin-glass models. Specifying these expressions to the cases of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick, Viana-Bray, and the L\'evy spin glass respectively we obtain results in agreement with previous findings using the cavity approach

First IBEX observations of the terrestrial plasma sheet and a possible disconnection event

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission has recently provided the first all-sky maps of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emitted from the edge of the heliosphere as well as the first observations of ENAs from the Moon and from the magnetosheath stagnation region at the nose of the magnetosphere. This study provides the first IBEX images of the ENA emissions from the nightside magnetosphere and plasma sheet. We show images from two IBEX orbits: one that displays typical plasma sheet emissions, which correlate reasonably well with a model magnetic field, and a second that shows a significant intensification that may indicate a near-Earth (similar to 10 R(E) behind the Earth) disconnection event. IBEX observations from similar to 0.5-6 keV indicate the simultaneous addition of both a hot (several keV) and colder (similar to 700 eV) component during the intensification; if IBEX directly observed magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail, the hot component may signify the plasma energization

Evolving outer heliosphere: Large-scale stability and time variations observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer

The first all-sky maps of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) exhibited smoothly varying, globally distributed flux and a narrow ribbon of enhanced ENA emissions. In this study we compare the second set of sky maps to the first in order to assess the possibility of temporal changes over the 6 months between views of each portion of the sky. While the large-scale structure is generally stable between the two sets of maps, there are some remarkable changes that show that the heliosphere is also evolving over this short timescale. In particular, we find that (1) the overall ENA emissions coming from the outer heliosphere appear to be slightly lower in the second set of maps compared to the first, (2) both the north and south poles have significantly lower (similar to 10-15%) ENA emissions in the second set of maps compared to the first across the energy range from 0.5 to 6 keV, and (3) the knot in the northern portion of the ribbon in the first maps is less bright and appears to have spread and/or dissipated by the time the second set was acquired. Finally, the spatial distribution of fluxes in the southernmost portion of the ribbon has evolved slightly, perhaps moving as much as 6 degrees (one map pixel) equatorward on average. The observed large-scale stability and these systematic changes at smaller spatial scales provide important new information about the outer heliosphere and its global interaction with the galaxy and help inform possible mechanisms for producing the IBEX ribbon

Licensed Practical Nurses becoming Registered Nurses: Conflicts and responses that can help

This article describes findings from a qualitative research project designed to understand the professional socialization experiences of Licensed Practical Nurses attending university to transition to the role of Registered Nurse. Findings revealed that this group of nursing students believed (Li censed Practical Nurse) LPN’s we re not respected, that their nursing knowledge as LPN’s was not acknowledged and that it wa s challenging for them to feel a sense of belonging with the RN community. These insights have implications for practic ing (Registered Nurse) RN’s as student nurse groups are now including more Licensed Practical Nurses. Responding with reflection, communication and collegiality can offer important help to LPN to RN students

The phase diagram of L\'evy spin glasses

We study the L\'evy spin-glass model with the replica and the cavity method. In this model each spin interacts through a finite number of strong bonds and an infinite number of weak bonds. This hybrid behaviour of L\'evy spin glasses becomes transparent in our solution: the local field contains a part propagating along a backbone of strong bonds and a Gaussian noise term due to weak bonds. Our method allows to determine the complete replica symmetric phase diagram, the replica symmetry breaking line and the entropy. The results are compared with simulations and previous calculations using a Gaussian ansatz for the distribution of fields.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure