Nesting Pattern Preferences of Stingless Bee, Trigona Iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Jnanabharathi Campus, Karnataka, India

The patterning aspects of nests are receiving increased attention in nature, so we have studied it in human-dwelling environments involving repeated spatio-temporal mold of pattern. Different criteria such as nesting sites, orientations, nest characters, longevity and elevation of nests have been selected to check the level of preferences exhibited by an indigenous resident species of stingless bee, Trigona iridipennis Smith at the Jnanabharathi campus in the southern part of Bangalore (Karnataka). Nesting patterns gave a precise measurement of preference level exhibited by testing different paradigms. The deciduous, shrub type of vegetation helped for successful dominance in higher number of nests to thrive well, which in turn helped to look at the varying patterns of nests. Observations on different nests revealed: i. preference for the habitats made of walls, ii. north facing direction for nest opening, iii. different type of nests with oval-shaped opening and medium-sized exposure outside, iv. nests with more accumulation of mud, resin and wax deposits and v. bees preferring middle elevation range of 11-15 feet for nest-building purely depending on the safer strategies such as availability of flora, protection from predators for better and safe survival at the nesting sites

Support Vector Machine based Image Classification for Deaf and Mute People

A hand gesture recognition system provides a natural, innovative and modern way of nonverbal communication. It has a wide area of application in human computer interaction and sign language. The whole system consists of three components: hand detection, gesture recognition and human-computer interaction (HCI) based on recognition; in the existing technique, ANFIS(adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system) to recognize gestures and makes it attainable to identify relatively complex gestures were used. But the complexity is high and performance is low. To achieve high accuracy and high performance with less complexity, a gray illumination technique is introduced in the proposed Hand gesture recognition. Here, live video is converted into frames and resize the frame, then apply gray illumination algorithm for color balancing in order to separate the skin separately. Then morphological feature extraction operation is carried out. After that support vector machine (SVM) train and testing process are carried out for gesture recognition. Finally, the character sound is played as audio output

Automatic Attendance Monitoring System

The attendance is taken in every organization. Traditional approach for attendance is, professor calls student name & record attendance. For each lecture this is wastage of time. To avoid these losses, we are about to use automatic process which is based on image processing. In this project approach, we are using face detection & face recognition system. The first phase is pre-processing where the face detection is processed through the step image processing. It includes the face detection and face recognition process. Second phase is feature extraction. Step by step execution of these techniques (Image Processing) helps to achieve the final output. The working of this project is to detect and recognize the face and mark the attendance for the corresponding face in the database. Input of this project is face detection and recognition and output is to mark the attendance. Our project is being presented as a solution for the Automatic Attendance Marking System. It is designed to be reliable and low power. The Automatic face detection and recognition proposed to attendance marking in database acts as the solution for the automatic attendance marking system.

Select pyrimidinones inhibit the propagation of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum, the Apicomplexan parasite that is responsible for the most lethal forms of human malaria, is exposed to radically different environments and stress factors during its complex lifecycle. In any organism, Hsp70 chaperones are typically associated with tolerance to stress. We therefore reasoned that inhibition of P. falciparum Hsp70 chaperones would adversely affect parasite homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, we measured whether pyrimidinone-amides, a new class of Hsp70 modulators, could inhibit the replication of the pathogenic P. falciparum stages in human red blood cells. Nine compounds with IC50 values from 30 nM to 1.6 μM were identified. Each compound also altered the ATPase activity of purified P. falciparum Hsp70 in single-turnover assays, although higher concentrations of agents were required than was necessary to inhibit P. falciparum replication. Varying effects of these compounds on Hsp70s from other organisms were also observed. Together, our data indicate that pyrimidinone-amides constitute a novel class of anti-malarial agents. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Analysis of MCDM method and approach LNYP – CODAS method for decision making

Multi – Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods is a one of the subfields of operation research. Applying a MCDM problem and getting an optimization result based on ranking type, it is easy to make a perfect decision. A decision maker considers many numbers of input criteria in particular area. In this paper, study of the LNYP (average weighting) method to evaluate the weighting for input criteria and considering the weighting as equal for present criteria. Applying the LNYP- Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) method to select a truck for company. Finally, decision maker got a better decision for selecting the best truck for busines

An open label, single arm prospective clinical study on the effectiveness of Pugaarimeda Kashaya in Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. It is characterized by multiple metabolic disorders that results in hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus type-2 (DM2) is the most common type accounting almost 90% of cases of DM. Madhumeha on the basis of similar etiology, signs and symptoms can be co-related with Diabetes mellitus type-2. It is also described by the term Kshoudrameha or Ojomeha. Pugaarimeda Kashaya with Madhu as Anupana is mentioned in Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara in the management of Madhumeha. Objective: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of Pugaarimeda Kashaya in Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus type-2). Materials and Methods: Among 31 registered subjects, 28 of them completed the course of treatment. They were administered with Pugaarimeda Kashaya orally 100ml per day (50ml twice daily before food) with Anupana of Madhu 5ml for a period of 30 days. Blood and urine glucose test was done on 1st, 31st day of study initiation. For Statistical analysis subjective parameters were assessed by Cochran’s Q test followed by McNemar test and objective parameters were assessed by Paired sample T Test. Results: There was statistically significant improvement observed in the signs and symptoms of Madhumeha with blood and urine glucose levels. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Pugaarimeda Kashaya was found effective in the management of Madhumeha

Correlation of HbA1c levels in third trimester with maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. GDM occurs in 2-22% of pregnancies depending on the diagnostic criteria and the epidemiologic characteristics of the population. Elevation of HBA1c have strong correlation with risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Aims and objective were to determine the HbA1c levels and to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with HbA1c <5.8% and >5.8% Methods: A retrospective study at ESIC-PGIMSR from June 2021 to December 2021.All mothers diagnosed with GDM using IADPSG criteria were included. HbA1c measured during the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Cut offs of HbA1c in 3rd trimester was taken as 5.8 according to Versantvoort et al. Maternal and neonatal outcome were assessed among two groups i.e., HbA1c <5.8% the control group and HbA1c >5.8% the case group. Demographic, maternal, and infant data were entered and statistical analysis done using SPSS software. Results: Total GDM mothers diagnosed were 152 out of 1454 pregnancies. Incidence is 10.4%. the 38.8% were of 25-30 years age group and 46% were multiparous.48.6% neonates were male and 50.6% were females. Among women with HbA1c >5.8%- Preeclampsia seen in 11 cases (21%), polyhydromnios in 5 cases (11.6%), hypothyroidism in 6 cases (12%) UTI in 1 case (2.3%) and candidiasis in 2 cases (4.6%) while among women with HBA1c <5.8% preeclampsia seen in 20 cases (18.3%), polyhydromnios in 2 cases (1.8%), hypothyroidism in 14 cases (13%) UTI in 2 cases (1.8%) and candidiasis in 4 cases (3.6%). Among women with HbA1c >5.8%-respiratory distress syndrome in 6 babies (13%), hyperbilirubinemia in 9 babies (18.6%), hypoglycemia 2 (4.6%) and hypocalemia in 2 babies (4.6%), 14 babies had normal course (32.5%) while among women with HbA1c 5.8% Among women with HbA1c >5.8%-respiratory distress syndrome in 13 babies (12%), hyperbilirubinemia in 20 babies (18.3%) and hypoglycemia 3 (2.7%). Conclusions: Optimal control of HbA1c along with lifestyle modification and glycemic control helps to reduce maternal and neonatal complications

Compact planar ultrawideband MIMO antenna for wireless applications

A compact microstrip fed printed monopole MIMO antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) frequency response (S11< -10 dB for 3.1-10.6 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is miniaturized and has a high isolation of > 23 dB between the ports compared to the existing UWB multiinput multi output (MIMO) antennas in the literature. The proposed antenna is built on FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm using all-digital single chip architecture and it is planar in geometry to be easily integrated with the other electronic components in the printed circuit board (PCB). The UWBMIMO antenna is analyzed using simulation and measurements and its performance is investigated. The antenna is extremely useful for low power short range communications and it provides high multipath immunity due  to diversity

Software Defined Based Pure VPN Protocol for Preventing IP Spoofing Attacks in IOT

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of devices, vehicles, and home appliances that contain electronics, software, actuators, and connectivity which allows these things to connect, interact and exchange data. IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such as desktops, laptops, smart phones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled. Traditionally, current internet packet delivery only depends on packet destination IP address and forward devices neglect the validation of packet’s IP source address. It makes attacks can leverage this flow to launch attacks with forge IP source address so as to meet their violent purpose and avoid to be tracked. In order to reduce this threat and enhance internet accountability, many solution proposed in the inter domain and intra domain aspects. Furthermore, most of them faced with some issues hard to cope, i.e., data security, data privacy. And most importantly code cover PureVPN protocol for both inter and intra domain areas. The novel network architecture of SDN possess whole network PureVPN protocol rule instead of traditional SDN switches, which brings good opportunity to solve IP spoofing problems. However, use authentication based on key exchange between the machines on your network; something like IP Security protocol will significantly cut down on the risk of spoofing. This paper proposes a SDN based PureVPN protocol architecture, which can cover both inter and intra domain areas with encrypted format effectively than SDN devices. The PureVPN protocol scheme is significant in improving the security and privacy in SDN for IoT