The orbit space of groupoids whose C∗C^*-algebras are GCR

Let $G$ be second countable locally compact Hausdorff groupoid with a continuous Haar system. We remove the assumption of amenability in a theorem by Clark about GCR groupoid $C^*$-algebras. We show that if the groupoid $C^*$-algebra of $G$ is GCR then the orbits of $G$ are locally closed.Comment: 1

Grammatical performance in children with dyslexia: the contributions of individual differences in phonological memory and statistical learning

Several studies have signaled grammatical difficulties in individuals with developmental dyslexia. These difficulties may stem from a phonological deficit, but may alternatively be explained through a domain-general deficit in statistical learning. This study investigates grammar in children with and without dyslexia, and whether phonological memory and/or statistical learning ability contribute to individual differences in grammatical performance. We administered the CELF word structure and recalling sentences subtests and measures of phonological memory (digit span, nonword repetition) and statistical learning (serial reaction time, nonadjacent dependency learning) among 8-to 11-year-old children with and without dyslexia (N = 50 per group). Consistent with previous findings, our results show subtle difficulties in grammar, as children with dyslexia achieved lower scores on the CELF (word structure: p =.0027, recalling sentences: p =.053). While the two phonological memory measures were found to contribute to individual differences in grammatical performance, no evidence for a relationship with statistical learning was found. An error analysis revealed errors in irregular morphology (e.g., plural and past tense), suggesting problems with lexical retrieval. These findings are discussed in light of theoretical accounts of the underlying deficit in dyslexia

Auditory statistical learning in children: Novel insights from an online measure

Nonadjacent dependency learning is thought to be a fundamental skill for syntax acquisition and often assessed via an offline grammaticality judgment measure. Asking judgments of children is problematic, and an offline task is suboptimal as it reflects only the outcome of the learning process, disregarding information on the learning trajectory. Therefore, and following up on recent methodological advancements in the online measurement of nonadjacent dependency learning in adults, the current study investigates if the recording of response times can be used to establish nonadjacent dependency learning in children. Forty-six children (mean age: 7.3 years) participated in a child-friendly adaptation of a nonadjacent dependency learning experiment (López-Barroso, Cucurell, Rodríguez-Fornells, & de Diego-Balaguer, 2016). They were exposed to an artificial language containing items with and without nonadjacent dependencies while their response times (online measure) were measured. After exposure, grammaticality judgments (offline measure) were collected. The results show that children are sensitive to nonadjacent dependencies, when using the online measure (the results of our offline measure did not provide evidence of learning). We therefore conclude that future studies can use online response time measures (perhaps in addition to the offline grammaticality judgments) to further investigate nonadjacent dependency learning in children

La start-up innovativa e l'incubatore certificato all'indomani del Decreto Investment Compact. Lo studio della prima operazione di successo di equity crowdfunding in Italia.

Il presente lavoro di tesi è focalizzato sull’attuale crescente realtà imprenditoriale della start-up innovativa, nonché sul contributo che essa può offrire in termini di crescita e di una maggiore competitività dell’economia italiana. Attraverso un excursus teorico, è stata analizzata la disciplina e il quadro normativo ad essa riferita a seguito dell’emanazione del Decreto Investment Compact, le deroghe al diritto societario e fallimentare, oltre che le speciali disposizioni previste in materia fiscale, quali misure per sostenere lo sviluppo della start-up, l’occupazione e la crescita dell’economia italiana. Ѐ stato inoltre affrontato il problema della difficoltà degli startuppers nel reperire le risorse attraverso le quali finanziare i propri progetti innovativi. Sono state studiate e comparate le diverse figure degli investitori nel capitale di rischio di tali società, diversi da quelli istituzionali dei soci, e rappresentati dagli incubatori d’impresa, dal Business Angel e dal Venture Capital, i quali costituiscono una valida alternativa alle tradizionali forme di finanziamento bancario. Ampio spazio è stato dedicato all’analisi del fenomeno del finanziamento dal basso “crowdfunding”, e in particolare all’equity crowdfunding, in cui i partecipanti dell’iniziativa, sottoscrivendo partecipazioni di società, vengono remunerati attraverso l’acquisizione della qualifica di socio. In conclusione della trattazione, si presenta lo studio della prima operazione di successo di equity crowdfunding. Si è provveduto a descrivere le caratteristiche, le peculiarità della campagna di raccolta, i protagonisti dell’operazione, gli obiettivi che la start-up X S.r.l. ha inteso perseguire tramite il capitale raccolto, e infine l’analisi di bilancio della società in questione, per comprendere le peculiarità del genius start-up. L’ecosistema italiano è ancora poco ospitale e dunque immaturo verso questa nuova forma di imprenditoria, ma occorre continuare ad agire in un ottica semplificatrice per superare l’impasse in cui si trova da anni il nostro Paese

Assessing physical activity in older adults: Required days of trunk accelerometer measurements for reliable estimation

We investigated the reliability of physical activity monitoring based on trunk accelerometry in older adults and assessed the number of measured days required to reliably assess physical activity. Seventy-nine older adults (mean age 79.1 ± 7.9) wore an accelerometer at the lower back during two nonconsecutive weeks. The duration of locomotion, lying, sitting, standing and shuffling, movement intensity, the number of locomotion bouts and transitions to standing, and the median and maximum duration of locomotion were determined per day. Using data of week 2 as reference, intraclass correlations and smallest detectable differences were calculated over an increasing number of consecutive days from week 1. Reliability was good to excellent when whole weeks were assessed. Our results indicate that a minimum of two days of observation are required to obtain an ICC ≥ 0.7 for most activities, except for lying and median duration of locomotion bouts, which required up to five days