Collective intellectual property rights for the development of creative tourist districts: an exploration

In this paper the institution of Collective Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR) is proposed as a regulatory tool for the development of Creative Tourist Districts based on local knowledge and trust, described as a superior organisational model of destinations to alternative models founded on individual property. As there are various types and contexts of applications of CIPR, as well as different development objectives to be achieved, the paper designs a strategy to maximise the expected impacts from case to case. It then proposes “area labels”, based on a combination of controls on quality and delimitation of areas of validity of the right, as the best instrument to foster a strategic orientation to quality across the local tourism industry.

Photoinduced Changes of Reflectivity in Single Crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.5 (Ortho II)

We report measurements of the photoinduced change in reflectivity of an untwinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O6.5 in the ortho II structure. The decay rate of the transient change in reflectivity is found to decrease rapidly with decreasing temperature and, below Tc, with decreasing laser intensity. We interpret the decay as a process of thermalization of antinodal quasiparticles, whose rate is determined by an inelastic scattering rate of quasiparticle pairs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Competition and Post-Transplant Outcomes in Cadaveric Liver Transplantation under the MELD Scoring System

Previous researchers have modelled the decision to accept a donor organ for transplantation as a Markov decision problem, the solution to which is often a control-limit optimal policy: accept any organ whose match quality exceeds some health-dependent threshold; otherwise, wait for another. When competing transplant centers vie for the same organs, the decision rule changes relative to no competition; the relative size of competing centers affects the decision rules as well. Using center-specific graft and patient survival-rate data for cadaveric adult livers in the United States, we have found empirical evidence supporting these predictions.liver transplantation, competition, optimal stopping

The Finite Field Kakeya Problem

A Besicovitch set in AG(n,q) is a set of points containing a line in every direction. The Kakeya problem is to determine the minimal size of such a set. We solve the Kakeya problem in the plane, and substantially improve the known bounds for n greater than 4.Comment: 13 page

Competition and Post-Transplant Outcomes in Cadaveric Liver Transplantation under the MELD Scoring System

Previous researchers have modelled the decision to accept a donor organ for transplantation as a Markov decision problem, the solution to which is often a control-limit optimal policy: accept any organ whose match quality exceeds some health-dependent threshold; otherwise, wait for another. When competing transplant centers vie for the same organs, the decision rule changes relative to no competition; the relative size of competing centers affects the decision rules as well. Using center-specific graft and patient survival-rate data for cadaveric adult livers in the United States, we have found empirical evidence supporting these predictions.liver transplantation; competition; optimal stopping

On Binary Matroid Minors and Applications to Data Storage over Small Fields

Locally repairable codes for distributed storage systems have gained a lot of interest recently, and various constructions can be found in the literature. However, most of the constructions result in either large field sizes and hence too high computational complexity for practical implementation, or in low rates translating into waste of the available storage space. In this paper we address this issue by developing theory towards code existence and design over a given field. This is done via exploiting recently established connections between linear locally repairable codes and matroids, and using matroid-theoretic characterisations of linearity over small fields. In particular, nonexistence can be shown by finding certain forbidden uniform minors within the lattice of cyclic flats. It is shown that the lattice of cyclic flats of binary matroids have additional structure that significantly restricts the possible locality properties of $\mathbb{F}_{2}$-linear storage codes. Moreover, a collection of criteria for detecting uniform minors from the lattice of cyclic flats of a given matroid is given, which is interesting in its own right.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

Surfaces containing a family of plane curves not forming a fibration

We complete the classification of smooth surfaces swept out by a 1-dimensional family of plane curves that do not form a fibration. As a consequence, we characterize manifolds swept out by a 1-dimensional family of hypersurfaces that do not form a fibration.Comment: Author's post-print, final version published online in Collect. Mat

q-breathers in Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger lattices

$q$-breathers are exact time-periodic solutions of extended nonlinear systems continued from the normal modes of the corresponding linearized system. They are localized in the space of normal modes. The existence of these solutions in a weakly anharmonic atomic chain explained essential features of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) paradox. We study $q$-breathers in one- two- and three-dimensional discrete nonlinear Sch\"{o}dinger (DNLS) lattices -- theoretical playgrounds for light propagation in nonlinear optical waveguide networks, and the dynamics of cold atoms in optical lattices. We prove the existence of these solutions for weak nonlinearity. We find that the localization of $q$-breathers is controlled by a single parameter which depends on the norm density, nonlinearity strength and seed wave vector. At a critical value of that parameter $q$-breathers delocalize via resonances, signaling a breakdown of the normal mode picture and a transition into strong mode-mode interaction regime. In particular this breakdown takes place at one of the edges of the normal mode spectrum, and in a singular way also in the center of that spectrum. A stability analysis of $q$-breathers supplements these findings. For three-dimensional lattices, we find $q$-breather vortices, which violate time reversal symmetry and generate a vortex ring flow of energy in normal mode space.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Free-energy transition in a gas of non-interacting nonlinear wave-particles

We investigate the dynamics of a gas of non-interacting particle-like soliton waves, demonstrating that phase transitions originate from their collective behavior. This is predicted by solving exactly the nonlinear equations and by employing methods of the statistical mechanics of chaos. In particular, we show that a suitable free energy undergoes a metamorphosis as the input excitation is increased, thereby developing a first order phase transition whose measurable manifestation is the formation of shock waves. This demonstrates that even the simplest phase-space dynamics, involving independent (uncoupled) degrees of freedom, can sustain critical phenomena.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure