Investigations on the Flexural Strength and the Effect of b/h and l/b ratio on the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Laminated Composites

In present day the use of fiber reinforced composites is increased remarkably in the various sectors of industries owing to its relative advantages especially in industries like aeronotics, automobile, ship buildingand in chemical industries, where the major emphasis is on weight reduction with a subtantial increase in the mechanical strengt h of the component with enhanced durabli ty by having properties like corrosive resistance, anti reactive to various acidic reactions and to with stand various climatic and temperature conditions.In this context carbon fibre reinforced laminated composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties.Investigation of various properties is difficult in composite materials because of its complex behavior further it is very difficult to evaluate the behavior of fiber laminated composites because of its enhanced complexity,evaluation of properties in composites is difficult with the addition of the fiber (carbon fiber)into the matrix. in this paper an investigation on the flexural properties of the carbon fiber reinforced laminates is carried out and the effect of bredth(b)to thickness(t)and the influence of the of length(l)to breadth(b),Aspect ratiois being evaluated and appropriate conclusions are drawn

Evaluation of Modal Damping of Graphite/ Epoxy Laminated Composites

The damping of an engineering structure is important in many aspects of noise and vibration control, fatigue endurance and so on, since it controls the amplitude of resonant vibration esponse. Damping in fiber-reinforced composite aterials is highly tailorable with respect to constituent roperties, fiber volume fractions and ply orientation angles.To this end an experimental analysis of the damping of unidirectional graphite reinforced epoxy composites was carried out. Damping characteristics of laminates are analysed experimentally using impulse technique. Composite laminate were made using the traditional hand-lay -up process. Experimental dynamic tests were carried out using specimens with different fiber orientations and three different boundary conditions and different thickness

A Study on Effect of Variation of Thickness on Tensile Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites (Glassfibre-Carbonfibre-Graphite) and GFRP Composites

Increase in demand of advanced materials to satisfy the requirements of aerospace and automotive industry viz. high modulus to density ratio, leads to the research in composite materials where an attempt is made to study the properties of composite materia ls by composing the different materials together to obtain the desired properties by reducing the weight as much as possible. Here an attempt is made to study the behavior and tensile properties of Hybrid polymer composite material by composing E-glass fibres, carbon fibres and graphite with epoxy resin 5052.By the variation of thickness. Tensile strength of hybrid composite is observed for each thickness and is optimized and compared with the properties of standalone glass fibre reinforced composites for the same variation of thickness. The comparison represents the enhancement of tensile strength and cost effectiveness by the introduction of multiple materials (Hybridomposites)

EFFECT OF PRE-TREATMENTS ON CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITIES OF DEHYDRATED RED ONION SLICES

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of pre-treatments on chemical and sensory qualities of dehydrated red onion slices. Results indicated that, the ascorbic acid content of the dehydrated red onion slices was found maximum (11.33 mg/100 g) in the samples pre-treated with 0.5 per cent KMS at 3 month after storage (MAS). The maximum reducing sugar (14.70%) and total sugar (25.65%) retention of dehydrated red onion slices were found in the samples pre-treated with 0.5 per cent sodium metabisulphite + 0.5 per cent citric acid at 3 MAS. With regards to organoleptic characters, the maximum score for colour and appearance (4.05), taste and flavour (4.12) and overall acceptability (4.15) were recorded in the slices pre-treated with 0.5 per cent sodium metabisulphite + 0.5 per cent citric acid, respectively. However, the lowest ascorbic acid (8.97 mg/100g), reducing sugar (11.33%) and total sugar (19.90%) content were noticed in control at 3 MAS. The lowest mean scores were recorded for colour and appearance (2.71)in the sample pretreated with 0.5 per cent KMS. Whereas, the lowest mean scores were recorded for taste and flavour (2.75) and overall acceptability (2.85) in control at 3 MAS. The onion slices pre-treated with 0.5 per cent sodium metabisulphite + 0.5 per cent citric acid had recorded the better results for the chemical characters and organoleptic traits

NKS1/ELMO4 is an integral protein of a pectin synthesis protein complex and maintains Golgi morphology and cell adhesion in Arabidopsis

Adjacent plant cells are connected by specialized cell wall regions, called middle lamellae, which influence critical agricultural characteristics, including fruit ripening and organ abscission. Middle lamellae are enriched in pectin polysaccharides, specifically homogalacturonan (HG). Here, we identify a plant- specific Arabidopsis DUF1068 protein, called NKS1/ELMO4, that is required for middle lamellae integrity and cell adhesion. NKS1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus and loss of NKS1 results in changes to Golgi structure and function. The nks1 mutants also display HG deficient phenotypes, including reduced seedling growth, changes to cell wall composition, and tissue integrity defects. These phenotypes are comparable to qua1 and qua2 mutants, which are defective in HG biosynthesis. Notably, genetic interactions indicate that NKS1 and the QUAs work in a common pathway. Protein interaction analyses and modeling corroborate that they work together in a stable protein complex with other pectin- related proteins. We propose that NKS1 is an integral part of a large pectin synthesis protein complex and that proper function of this complex is important to support Golgi structure and function. Significance Cell walls are essential to cell morphogenesis, to protect plants against environmental stress, and for an array of products in our daily life. Understanding how plants produce cell wall polymers is therefore important. In this study, we outline how a family of unknown proteins function as a scaffold for key synthesis components of pectin, a central cell wall polymer. Our results thus define a robust pectin synthesis protein complex that is essential for the structure and function of Golgi and for plant tissue integrity. These results add critical information regarding pectin synthesis and cell wall metabolons

Pre-operative ondansetron vs. metoclopramide for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in elective lower-segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Background: The problem of nausea and vomiting is a very old but a less thought of problem. Nausea and vomiting are the most common distressing symptom in the postoperative period. Antiemetic drugs play an important role in therapy of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Though many drugs have been tried as prophylaxis and treatment of PONV, no drug has been proved significantly effective and hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of IV metoclopramide and IV Ondansetron as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in lower-segment caesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: After institutional approval and informed consent 100 ASA I & II patients undergoing non emergent LSCS taken for study. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups of 50 each. Group I received IV metoclopramide 10mg and Group II received IV. Ondansetron 4mg. Anaesthetic management was standardized. The incidence of vomiting and retching as number of episodes was studied. Nausea was graded depending on the severity and data derived. Results: The mean age, weight and duration of surgery was not significantly different when compared group-1 parturiants with group-2. The mean episodes of emesis, nausea and retching at different postoperative duration were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Ondansetron group when compared to metoclopramide group as postoperative time progresses. Conclusions: Injection ondansetron 4mg provided decrease in the incidence of PONV than metoclopramide as the side effects with these drugs were minimal.

An Ayurvedic approach in Monkey Pox - A Review

Monkey pox is a zoonotic sickness brought about by the monkey pox infection, an orthopoxvirus in the poxviradae family. With its rising dreariness and low casualty rate, it has become endemic all through Focal and West Africa. It signifies a fever, extreme cerebral pain, body ache, enlarged lymph hubs, and a skin rash or sores. Side effects can wait for quite a long time, slowly debilitating the invulnerable framework and ultimately influencing patients with skin diseases, pneumonia, confusion, and eye contaminations that can prompt visual impairment. Ayurveda is an old study of medication in light areas of strength for of firm rules that have shown its preventive and healing viability for the vast majority Anukta Vyadhi's kin enduring today. Ayurvedic analytic and treatment highlights of such Anukta messes have previously been analyzed as far as Dosha pervasiveness. Thus, a coordinated methodology is expected for the fix of monkey pox to further develop the patient's personal satisfaction. In Ayurveda, such popular diseases are delegated Sankramaka Roga, and their side effects are related with Ayurvedic sicknesses, for example, Sannipatika Jwara, Samshoshi Jwara, Masurika, and Brihat Masurika. The objective of this audit is to find an Ayurvedic technique to diagnosing and treating monkey pox ailment. Alongside this preventive methodology utilizing Ayurveda, which is fundamental to stay solid under such pandemic as well as endemic circumstances, is talked about

Golf ball near elbow: a rare presentation of a giant ulnar nerve Schwannoma

Schwannoma is a type of peripheral nerve sheath tumor but can produce a mass effect with increase in size, spontaneous pain, paresthesia and motor weakness being the main complaints. A 60-year-old male patient presented with swelling in the left forearm since the past 8 months and numbness and tingling sensation in the hand for 1 month. Examination revealed a solitary lesion in the ulnar aspect of left proximal forearm with glove and stocking type of neuropathy, wasting of hypothenar eminence and amputation of left 5th digit, with hypopigmented lesions over the forearm and leg. Slit skin smear and biopsy of hypopigmented lesion was done to rule out leprosy. Ultrasonography (USG) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of left forearm lesion revealed homogenously enhancing lesion involving the proximal portion of left forearm - suggestive of peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Hence the patient was treated with excision and biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed a giant Schwannoma (6×4×3.5 cm) of the ulnar nerve with typical findings of spindle shaped cells few verocay bodies. Despite rare, tumors should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis in such presentations. It is important to remember that Schwannoma, in these cases, is the most common tumor. The simple removal of the tumor after careful dissection is generally enough since the recurrence and malignant transformation rates are low

A Study on Inventory Management in Manufacturing Industry with specific reference to Bangalore

The study evaluates inventory control aspects, including turnover, stock outs, carrying costs, and order fulfilment rates.Commendable aspects of industryof current practices include maintaining adequate stock levels and minimizing excess inventory. However, opportunities for improvement lie in enhancing demand forecasting accuracy and real-time stock monitoring. The study suggests integrating advanced technologies and data analytics to address these gaps. Using the secondary data of the balance sheet we have analysed the inventory turnover, growth of total inventory, current assets on raw materials. Also, we have analysed the ABC analysis of the materials. The result shows that the business has maintained a relatively high percentage of inventories on current assets, indicating its reliance on inventory as a key asset