Comparison of growth and conversion efficiency of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards) juveniles fed with formulated and commercial feeds

A nutritional study was carried out to know the feasibility of formulated and commercial feeds on the growth of juveniles of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. Best relative growth rate was observed for feed 1 followed by feeds 2 and 3. Animals fed with feed 1 showed higher production than the other feeds. Higher assimilation efficiency was noticed in the animals provided with feeds 5 and 4. Higher gross and net growth efficiencies were observed in the animals offered feed 1. Among the commercial feeds, feed 3 may considered to be suitable alternative to feed 1

Investigation of inversion, accumulation and junctionless mode bulk Germanium FinFETs

The characteristic performance of n-type and p-type inversion (IM) mode, accumulation (AC) mode and junctionless (JL) mode, bulk Germanium FinFET device with 3-nm gate length (LG) are demonstrated by using 3-D quantum transport device simulation. The simulated bulk Ge FinFET device exhibits favorable short channel characteristics, including drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL<10mV/V), sub threshold slope (SS∼64mV/dec.). Electron density distributions in ON-state and OFF-state also show that the simulated devices have large ION/IOFF ratios. Homogenous source/drain doping is maintained and only the channel doping is varied among different operating modes. Also, a constant threshold voltage |VTH|∼0.31V is maintained. Moreover, the calculated quantum capacitance (CQ) values of the Ge nanowire emphasizes the importance of quantum confinement effects (QCE) on the performance of the ultra-scaled devices

Impact of Ocean Acidification on Marker Enzymes in Asian Seabass Lates Calcarifer (Bloch)

Backgrounds: The influence of ocean acidification (OA) is particularly significant on calcifying organisms in marine environment. A possible explanation for acidification-induced changes in fish behaviour is that acidification interferes with marker enzymes in the liver, muscle and brain. Under a range of severe environmental circumstances, marine organisms can be susceptible to oxidative stress and results in the changes in the biochemical components which can be assessed to know the health status of organisms. Aim of the Works: The aim of this study is to observe the impact of ocean acidification in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer and to employ a large number of biomarker to discover distinct and unique patterns. For this the fingerlings of L. calcarifer were exposed to OA, in order to understand the changes in marker enzymes in liver, muscle and brain of L. calcarifer. Methodology: Fish fingerlings were exposed to OA condition with two different pH (7.8 and 7.5) for a period of 9 weeks in order to assess changes in biomarker. Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase activity (AST) were examined in the liver, brain and muscles of fish. Results: The Liver has considerably higher in ACP and ALP enzymes after 3 weeks of OA exposure. AST and ALT marker enzymes were induced in the brain at greater levels and in most cases, the entire marker enzymes in the liver, muscle and brain were concentration dependent and also the exposure period. The observed changes in marker enzymes which detected in the brain and liver tissues of L. calcarifer were statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study showed a significant association between the entire biomarkers tested in fish exposed to OA. Overall, the results indicate that brain and liver is the most vulnerable component to OA exposure when compared to muscles and brain it may be employed as a bioindicator of OA exposure

Identification of FAM111A as an SV40 Host Range Restriction and Adenovirus Helper Factor

The small genome of polyomaviruses encodes a limited number of proteins that are highly dependent on interactions with host cell proteins for efficient viral replication. The SV40 large T antigen (LT) contains several discrete functional domains including the LXCXE or RB-binding motif, the DNA binding and helicase domains that contribute to the viral life cycle. In addition, the LT C-terminal region contains the host range and adenovirus helper functions required for lytic infection in certain restrictive cell types. To understand how LT affects the host cell to facilitate viral replication, we expressed full-length or functional domains of LT in cells, identified interacting host proteins and carried out expression profiling. LT perturbed the expression of p53 target genes and subsets of cell-cycle dependent genes regulated by the DREAM and the B-Myb-MuvB complexes. Affinity purification of LT followed by mass spectrometry revealed a specific interaction between the LT C-terminal region and FAM111A, a previously uncharacterized protein. Depletion of FAM111A recapitulated the effects of heterologous expression of the LT C-terminal region, including increased viral gene expression and lytic infection of SV40 host range mutants and adenovirus replication in restrictive cells. FAM111A functions as a host range restriction factor that is specifically targeted by SV40 LT

The Biochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Subunit Assembly Mechanism of AMPA Receptors

The AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that play crucial roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Our knowledge about the ultrastructure and subunit assembly mechanisms of intact AMPA-Rs was very limited. However, the new studies using single particle EM and X-ray crystallography are revealing important insights. For example, the tetrameric crystal structure of the GluA2cryst construct provided the atomic view of the intact receptor. In addition, the single particle EM structures of the subunit assembly intermediates revealed the conformational requirement for the dimer-to-tetramer transition during the maturation of AMPA-Rs. These new data in the field provide new models and interpretations. In the brain, the native AMPA-R complexes contain auxiliary subunits that influence subunit assembly, gating, and trafficking of the AMPA-Rs. Understanding the mechanisms of the auxiliary subunits will become increasingly important to precisely describe the function of AMPA-Rs in the brain. The AMPA-R proteomics studies continuously reveal a previously unexpected degree of molecular heterogeneity of the complex. Because the AMPA-Rs are important drug targets for treating various neurological and psychiatric diseases, it is likely that these new native complexes will require detailed mechanistic analysis in the future. The current ultrastructural data on the receptors and the receptor-expressing stable cell lines that were developed during the course of these studies are useful resources for high throughput drug screening and further drug designing. Moreover, we are getting closer to understanding the precise mechanisms of AMPA-R-mediated synaptic plasticity

Amino Acid Profiles of Ridged Swimming Crab, Charybdis natator Herbst

International audienc

Effect of Temperatures on the Embryonic Development, Morphometrics and Survival of Macrobrachium Idella Idella (Hilgendorf, 1898)

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