The Prevalence and Risk Factors of GERD Among Indonesian Medical Doctors

Background: Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors. Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015. The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analysed. Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37 ± 11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR = 2.054), BMI >30 kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR = 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR = 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD. Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors.&nbsp

Comparison of chaos optimization functions for performance improvement of fitting of non-linear geometries

Fitting algorithms play an important role in the whole measuring cycle in order to derive a measurement result. They involve associating substitute geometry to a point cloud obtained by an instrument. This situation is more difficult in the case of non-linear geometry fitting since iterative method should be used. This article addresses this problem. Three geometries are selected as relevant case studies: circle, sphere and cylinder. This selection is based on their frequent use in real applications; for example, cylinder is a relevant geometry of an assembly feature such as pin-hole relationship, and spherical geometry is often found as reference geometry in high precision artifacts and mechanisms. In this article, the use of Chaos optimization (CO) to improve the initial solution to feed the iterative Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm to fit non-linear geometries is considered. A previous paper has shown the performance of this combination in improving the fitting of both complete and incomplete geometries. This article focuses on the comparison of the efficiency of different one-dimensional maps of CO. This study shows that, in general, logistic-map function provides the best solution compared to other types of one-dimensional functions. Finally, case studies on hemispheres and industrial cylinders fitting are presented

On combining chaos search and levenberg-marquardt algorithm for non-linear substituted geometric fitting problems

Product quality is becoming a main concern in today manufacturing. As such, dimensional metrology is strictly necessary. High accuracy result while reducing speed in measuring a product has to catch up with the improvement of metrology instrument which can capture many points in less time. Fitting algorithm of point clouds plays a critical role for the measurement accuracy and speed. In this study, non-linear least-square fitting of circle, sphere and cylinder without any prior knowledge of their nominal is addressed. These geometries have common use in practice, such as sphere for calibration and hole-shaft features in mechanical assembly application. The improvement of initial point guess for Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm by employing Chaos Optimization (CO) method is presented. The results show that, with this combination, higher quality of fitting results in term of smaller norm of the residuals can be obtained while preserving the computational cost

Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Surat Resmi dengan Menggunakan Strategi Menyusun Kartu(card Sort)

Penelitian tindakan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran surat resmi dengan strategi menyusun kartu (card sort) pada Siswa Kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 1 Menjalin Tahun 2011/2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, bentuk penelitiannya adalah kualitatif dan jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi langsung dan teknik pengukuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi menyusun kartu (Card sort) berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menulis surat resmi. Pada siklus 1 diperoleh rata-rata 66,70 dengan ketuntasan belajar 30%, dapat digolongkan masih rendah, pada siklus 2 meningkat dengan rata-rata 70,85 dengan ketuntasan belajar 55% masih terdapat siswa yang belum tuntas maka perlu peningkatan dan pada siklus 3 dapat dicapai rata-rata 73,17 dan ketuntasan belajar 85% dikatakan pembelajaran sudah berhasil sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci: Kemampuan, Menulis Surat, Strategi Card Sort. Abstrac : This action research aims to describe the planning, implementation and evaluation of learning preparing a formal letter with the strategy card (card sort) in Class VIII B SMP Negeri 1 Establish Year 2011/2012. The method used is descriptive, qualitative research is the shape and type of research is classroom action research. This study using the technique of direct observation and measurement techniques. The results showed that the strategy set the cards (Card sort) managed to improve the ability of students to write a formal letter. In cycle 1 gained an average of 66.70 with a passing grade of 30%, can be classified is still low, at 2 cycles increased by an average of 70.85 with 55% mastery learning there are students who have not completed the necessary improvements and cycle 3 achieved an average 73.17 and completeness study 85% said learning has managed in accordance with the expected goals

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Kreatif Puisi Menggunakan Model Cooperative Think Talk Write melalui Media Gambar

The purpose of this research wasto know the enhancement skill creative writing poetry using cooperative models think talk write through the medium of drawing on grade VIII B SMP Negeri 8 Singkawang. The method used in this research is descriptive method, with the form of qualitative research design of classroom action research (PTK). Based on the analysis, planning results can be obtained in the first cycle obtain the results of 92.2% (excellent). Furthermore, on the second cycle increased by 3.1% to obtain the results of 95.3% (excellent) and the third cycle also increased by 1.6% to 96.9% results. Results of the implementation cycle I get the results, 67.3% (enough). Furthermore, the second cycle increased by 11.6%, with the results obtained for 78.9% (good), and the third cycle and an increase of 9.6% with the result of 88.5% (excellent The mean value obtained by the students in the first cycle reached 68.5 (enough). Cycle II reached 72 (enough), and increased in the third cycle with an average of 76 (excellent)

Performance improvement for optimization of the non-linear geometric fitting problem in manufacturing metrology

Product quality is a main concern today in manufacturing; it drives competition between companies. To ensure high quality, a dimensional inspection to verify the geometric properties of a product must be carried out. High-speed non-contact scanners help with this task, by both speeding up acquisition speed and increasing accuracy through a more complete description of the surface. The algorithms for the management of the measurement data play a critical role in ensuring both the measurement accuracy and speed of the device. One of the most fundamental parts of the algorithm is the procedure for fitting the substitute geometry to a cloud of points. This article addresses this challenge. Three relevant geometries are selected as case studies: a non-linear least-squares fitting of a circle, sphere and cylinder. These geometries are chosen in consideration of their common use in practice; for example the sphere is often adopted as a reference artifact for performance verification of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and a cylinder is the most relevant geometry for a pin-hole relation as an assembly feature to construct a complete functioning product. In this article, an improvement of the initial point guess for the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm by employing a chaos optimization (CO) method is proposed. This causes a performance improvement in the optimization of a non-linear function fitting the three geometries. The results show that, with this combination, a higher quality of fitting results a smaller norm of the residuals can be obtained while preserving the computational cost. Fitting an 'incomplete-point-cloud', which is a situation where the point cloud does not cover a complete feature e.g. from half of the total part surface, is also investigated. Finally, a case study of fitting a hemisphere is presented

Detecting the signature of motion stage non-linearity for focus variation microscopy using measurement noise and surface topography repeatability

Measurement noise is one of the ISO-proposed metrological characteristics of areal surface texture instruments [1, 2, 3, 4]. Measurement noise includes all of the unwanted contributions to the output signals when the instrument is used in its normal operating condition [5, 6]. This paper focuses on detecting the non-linearity signature of the vertical stage of a focus variation microscope using the measurement noise and surface topography repeatability. The paper presents a procedure and material measure to determine the measurement noise and surface topography repeatability. The procedure is carried out at different height levels (5 %, 40 %, 55 % and 85 %) of the total vertical scanning range of the instrument, with equal contrast and brightness parameters. An optical flat with nano-scale surface texture is used as the material measure [7, 8]. One objective lens, with magnification of 100×, is used to measure the flat surface. Subtraction and averaging methods are used to evaluate the measurement noise. The surface topography repeatability is evaluated by calculating the standard deviation of the root mean square (Sq) surface texture parameter from several measurements taken successively under the same measurement conditions [9, 10]. The repeatability at each height level is calculated with five and ten repetitions. The results contain the signature of the non-linear motion of the vertical stage, which can be observed from the results of both the noise and the repeatability measurements. An increasing trend for both the noise and the repeatability is apparent. Using the subtraction method, the noise value is (1.1 ± 0.18) nm (see figure 1). For the surface topography repeatability, the obtained value is (0.06 ± 0.02) nm (see figure 3). The differences of measurement noise from different height levels are statistically significant. The non-linear behaviour of the vertical stage is attributed to the way in which the drive mechanism is guided and how the vertical axis is mounted on its guiding rails. In addition, the results of the motion stage non-linearity signature are compared with the results from the manufacturer (Alicona) and show good agreement (see figure 2 and 4)

Performance verification of a 4-axis focus variation coordinate measuring system

Performance verification of a coordinate measuring system (CMS) is important for instrument acceptance, reverification, comparability as well as measurement traceability to the definition of the meter. State-of-the-art ISO 10360 standard series is the reference text about the procedure of verification for CMS. Specifically, ISO 10360-8 considers optical distance sensor based CMSs. This article proposes procedures and artifacts for performance verification of focus variation-based CMS for a simultaneous 4-axis measuring mode. The proposal is inspired by, but goes beyond, the ISO 10360 standard, proposing an original solution for simultaneous linear and rotational axes verification