Angiostrongylosis-related restrictive pneumopathy assessed by arterial blood gas analysis in a dog

Pulmonary angiostrongylosis was diagnosed by the Baermann method and larval identification from faecal and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a five-month- old male mongrel dog with dyspnoea and cough. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated arterial hypoxaemia and restrictive pneumopathy. In addition to the palliative treatment, fenbendazole was administered (50 mg/kg/24 h per os) for 14 days. The respiratory signs subsided within a short time clinically, but serial arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated an ongoing ventilation disorder. Repeated haematology, thoracic radiography, bronchoscopy and blood gas analysis were performed to follow the course of the disease. The most severe eosinophilia was detected after the beginning of the anthelmintic therapy, and the arterial pO2 level was permanently low. Arterial blood gas analysis provided the most adequate information about the course of the pneumopathy and it greatly facilitated the patient’s medical management

Rate of lipid peroxidation in brain and liver tissues and the total antioxidant status of blood plasma in developing chicks

Age-related changes of tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver and brain, as well as plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken cockerels were investigated. Tissue LPO was characterised by the spectrophotometric assessment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma antioxidant power was evaluated by the measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS). Newly hatched broiler chicks had similar TAS value (1.19 mmol/l) as newborns of mammalian species. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the time course of all parameters. Tissue TBARS concentration was higher in the brain than in the liver at hatching, while the latter organ was found to have more effective antioxidant defence during embryonic life. The concentration of TBARS increased up to the 10th day in the liver but only up to the 21st day in the brain, and the former was accompanied by an approximately 50% decrease of plasma antioxidant capacity. This suggests that the liver plays an important role in forming the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the blood plasma in broiler chicks

Effects of saturated and unsaturated fats with vitamin E supplementation on the antioxidant status of broiler chicken tissues

The influence of fish oil (highly unsaturated) and beef tallow (highly saturated) with vitamin E (100 IU/kg) supplementation on the antioxidant status of broiler chicken cockerels was investigated. Chicks were fed a control diet with no added fat, 40 g/kg each of fish oil and beef tallow diets, respectively, from 11 to 42 days of age. Tocopherol concentration and the rate of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in liver, fatty acid composition of the liver lipids, blood serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were determined. Vitamin E supplementation of the diet increased liver ?-tocopherol content in chicks regardless of the type of dietary fat. Fish oil diet resulted in higher liver TBARS value while beef tallow diet showed lower values compared to the control diet. Vitamin E supplementation reduced liver TBARS as well as serum GSH, and raised serum TAS for all diets. Serum GSH was the same for vitamin E supplemented diets regardless of the fat supplement. Fish oil diets resulted in a significant increase in hepatic lipid n-3 PUFA content. A significant positive correlation was found between liver TBARS and n-3 PUFA content. No relationships were established, however, between liver TBARS and n-6 PUFA or saturated fatty acids. The results suggest that feeding oils rich in n-3 PUFA increases tissue concentration of these fatty acids, consequently increasing tissue lipid peroxidation and reducing the antioxidative status of broiler chickens. Supplementing high levels of vitamin E with such oils may increase tissue oxidative stability. Serum TAS or GSH may be used as a measure of antioxidative status in chickens

Cross‑species oncogenomics offers insight into human muscle‑invasive bladder cancer

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS : The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available in the European Nucleotide Archive repository (https:// www. ebi. ac. uk/ ena/ brows er/ home), under the study accession ERP142199 [113]. Catalogs of known variants in the feline genome were obtained from the 99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium (v9, from 54 cat genomes) [88]. Catalogs of known variants in the canine genome were obtained from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Dog Genome Project [97]. Catalogs of known variants in the bovine genome were obtained from and the 1000 Bull Genomes Project [98].BACKGROUND : In humans, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. With a high mutation load and large number of altered genes, strategies to delineate key driver events are necessary. Dogs and cats develop urothelial carcinoma (UC) with histological and clinical similarities to human MIBC. Cattle that graze on bracken fern also develop UC, associated with exposure to the carcinogen ptaquiloside. These species may represent relevant animal models of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced UC that can provide insight into human MIBC. RESULTS : Whole-exome sequencing of domestic canine (n = 87) and feline (n = 23) UC, and comparative analysis with human MIBC reveals a lower mutation rate in animal cases and the absence of APOBEC mutational signatures. A convergence of driver genes (ARID1A, KDM6A, TP53, FAT1, and NRAS) is discovered, along with common focally amplified and deleted genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and chromatin remodelling. We identify mismatch repair deficiency in a subset of canine and feline UCs with biallelic inactivation of MSH2. Bovine UC (n = 8) is distinctly different; we identify novel mutational signatures which are recapitulated in vitro in human urinary bladder UC cells treated with bracken fern extracts or purified ptaquiloside. CONCLUSION : Canine and feline urinary bladder UC represent relevant models of MIBC in humans, and cross-species analysis can identify evolutionarily conserved driver genes. We characterize mutational signatures in bovine UC associated with bracken fern and ptaquiloside exposure, a human-linked cancer exposure. Our work demonstrates the relevance of cross-species comparative analysis in understanding both human and animal UC.The Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK, ERC Combat Cancer, and the Medical Research Council as well as the projects UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 and LA/P/0059/2020 funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, the University of Huddersfield and an NSERC Discovery Grant.https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/am2024Companion Animal Clinical StudiesParaclinical SciencesSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Free radicals and antioxidants in inflammatory processes and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.

Abstract The inflammatory process is complex and the role of free radicals and antioxidants can be found in each part of it, such as the hemodynamic and permeability changes, the metabolism, and the function of the cells involved in the course of events. The main purpose of the present review is to mention the most common inflammatory processes in animals, the role of free radical formation in these, and the use of antioxidants against their detrimental effects. As with severely increased oxidative stress, decreased free radical formation can cause severe diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen gives an option to overcome the disorders caused by decreased oxidative stress response which is important in the bacterial killing mechanism and wound healing. Endotoxemia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, in its complexity causes severe deterioration of the organism due to oxidative stress. Various antioxidants can be used to prevent the severity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), alpha-tocopherol, glutathione and its precursors, ascorbic acid, adenosine, lactoferrin, and carotenoids, thiols, ebselen, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, inhibitors of phagocyte function, iron ion chelators, and probucol, N-acetylcysteine, and 21-aminosteroids. Among pulmonary and other airway inflammatory diseases recurrent airway obstruction of horses causes severe oxidative damage. Apart from the well-known antioxidants, it seems that another antioxidant taurine, via N-chlorotaurine formation may protect the lung from oxidant-induced injury. This session contains more data of oxidative stress and possible antioxidant therapeutic advances in selective animal inflammatory diseases, such as kidney disease, gingivitis, uveitis, cataract, dermatitis, osteoarthritis, synovitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, colitis and giardiasis, encephalopathy, neuritis and spinal cord injury, and bovine mastitis