Actual PV module performance including spectral losses in the UK

STC efficiencies are not sufficient to compare photovoltaic devices of different semiconductor material or device configurations. The energy yield will change as the variables of STC deviates from their original values when the modules are placed in various climatic conditions. The magnitude of this change for different modules is not always clear and needs to be investigated and modelled. A modeling and analysis method named site specific conditions (SSC) is demonstrated which is a measure-correlate-predict approach. It allows an accurate estimation of the actual energy yield for different sites based on the measurements at one single site. The method takes into account the effect of the physical operating environment and translates this to other meteorological conditions on the basis of physics related formulae. Our results show a large seasonal variation for modules for the different effects. For crystalline modules losses of up to 12% in the summer is due to the temperature effect while the multi-junction thin film losses of more than 30% in the winter is due to spectral changes and incidence angle effect for the UK

Regional and national differences in stroke thrombolysis use and disparities in pricing, treatment availability, and coverage.

Major disparities have been reported in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) availability among countries of different socioeconomic status. To characterize variability of rtPA price, its availability, and its association with and impact on each country's health expenditure (HE) resources. We conducted a global survey to obtain information on rtPA price (50 mg vial, 2020 US Dollars) and availability. Country-specific data, including low, lower middle (LMIC), upper middle (UMIC), and high-income country (HIC) classifications, and gross domestic product (GDP) and HE, both nominally and adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), were obtained from World Bank Open Data. To assess the impact of rtPA cost, we computed the rtPA price as percentage of per capita GDP and HE and examined its association with the country income classification. rtPA is approved and available in 109 countries. We received surveys from 59 countries: 27 (46%) HIC, 20 (34%) UMIC, and 12 (20%) LMIC. Although HIC have significantly higher per capita GDP and HE compared to UMIC and LMIC (p < 0.0001), the median price of rtPA is non-significantly higher in LMICs (USD 755, interquartile range, IQR (575-1300)) compared to UMICs (USD 544, IQR (400-815)) and HICs (USD 600, IQR (526-1000)). In LMIC, rtPA cost accounts for 217.4% (IQR, 27.1-340.6%) of PPP-adjusted per capita HE, compared to 17.6% (IQR (11.2-28.7%), p < 0.0001) for HICs. We documented significant variability in rtPA availability and price among countries. Relative costs are higher in lower income countries, exceeding the available HE. Concerted efforts to improve rtPA affordability in low-income settings are necessary

sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231187268 – Supplemental material for Analysis of brain edema in RHAPSODY

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231187268 for Analysis of brain edema in RHAPSODY by Riana L Schleicher, Pongpat Vorasayan, Megan E McCabe, Matthew B Bevers, Thomas P Davis, John H Griffin, Archana Hinduja, Ashutosh P Jadhav, Jin-Moo Lee, Robert N Sawyer Jr, Berislav V Zlokovic, Kevin N Sheth, Janel K Fedler, Patrick Lyden and W Taylor Kimberly in International Journal of Stroke</p