Interim Calibration Report for the SMMR Simulator

The calibration data obtained during the fall 1978 Nimbus-G underflight mission with the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) simulator on board the NASA CV-990 aircraft were analyzed and an interim calibration algorithm was developed. Data selected for the analysis consisted of in flight sky, first-year sea ice, and open water observations, as well as ground based observations of fixed targets with varied temperatures of selected instrument components. For most of the SMMR channels, a good fit to the selected data set was obtained with the algorithm

An alternate algorithm for correction of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer polarization radiances using Nimbus-7 observed data

The manner in which Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) scan radiance data was used to determine its operational characteristics is described. The predicted SMMR scan radiance was found to be in disagreement at all wavelengths with a large area of average measured ocean radiances. A modified model incorporating a different phase shift for each of the SMMR horizontal and vertical polarization channels was developed and found to provide good data correlation. Additional study is required to determine the validity and accuracy of this model

The Bering Sea ice cover during March 1979: Comparison of surface and satellite data with the Nimbus-7 SMMR

During March 1979, field operations were carried out in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Bering Sea. The field measurements which included oceanographic, meteorological and sea ice observations were made nearly coincident with a number of Nimbus-7 and Tiros-N satellite observations. The results of a comparison between surface and aircraft observations, and images from the Tiros-N satellite, with ice concentrations derived from the microwave radiances of the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) are given. Following a brief discussion of the field operations, including a summary of the meteorological conditions during the experiment, the satellite data is described with emphasis on the Nimbus-7 SMMR and the physical basis of the algorithm used to retrieve ice concentrations

Characterizing horizontal variability and energy spectra in the Arctic Ocean halocline

Energy transfer from the atmosphere into the upper Arctic Ocean is expected to become more efficient as summer sea-ice coverage decreases and multiyear ice thins due to recent atmospheric warming. However, relatively little is known about how energy is transferred within the ocean by turbulent processes from large to small scales in the presence of ice and how these pathways might change in future. This study characterises horizontal variability in several regions of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean under differing sea-ice conditions. Historic along track CTD data collected by a Royal Navy submarine during summer 1996 allows a unique examination of horizontal variability and associated wavenumber spectra within the Arctic Ocean halocline. Spectral analysis indicates that potential energy variance under perennial sea-ice in the Amundsen Basin is O(100) less than within the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of Fram Strait. Spectra from all regions show a transition in scaling at wavelengths of approximately 5 to 7 km. At scales greater than the transition wavelength to 50 km, energy spectra are consistent with a k-3 scaling (where k is wavenumber) and interior quasi-geostrophic dynamics. The scaling of spectra at these scales is extremely similar between regions suggesting similar dynamics and energy exchange pathways. The k-3 scaling is steeper than typically found in regions of mid latitude open ocean. At scales below the transition wavelength to 300 m, spectra are close to a k-5/3 scaling or flatter, indicating a change in dynamics, which is potentially due to internal waves dominating variability at small scales

Alargamientos quirúrgicos de las extremidades en la talla baja patológica

Se presenta nuestra experiencia de elongacione s óseas en 207 paciente s afectos de talla baja patológica: 165 condrodisplasias, 15 síndromas de Turner, 11 casos de pubertad precoz, 9 casos de talla baja constitucional, 2 raquistismos médico-resistentes, 2 enanismos hipotróficos, 2 displasias epifisarias y un síndrome de Schwasman. Se describe la táctica y técnica quirúrgica, destacando la importancia de las tenotomías al inicio del alargamiento. Se han alargado 408 segmentos tibiales, 34 humerale s y 240 femorales. El alargamiento medio obtenido ha sido de 14.74 cm para la tibia, 10.5 cm para el húmer o y 15.5 cm para el fémur. Las complicacione s más frecuente s fueron las desviacione s axiales, pérdida de movilidad articular y fractura postalargamiento; resueltas posteriormente. Se pone de relieve la importancia de un equipo multidisciplina - rio para la planificación y control de los alargamientos.The authors show their experience in the lengthening of the limbs in 207 patients afecte d b y pathologica l shor t height: 165 chondrodysplasia , 1 5 Turne r Syndrome, 11 case s of precocious puberty, 9 cases of constitutional short height, 2 me - dical-resitant rickets, 2 hipotrofic dwarfism, 2 epiphyseal dysplasia and one Schwasman syndrome. Surgical planning and procedure are described, emphasizing the value of tenotomie s at the begining of lengthening . 408 tibial, 34 humera l and 240 femoral segments hav e bee n lengthened. The average lenghening obtained was: 14.74 cm (tibia), 10.5 cm (humerus) and 15.5 cm (femur). The most frequent complications were : axial desviation, lost of articular movility, and fracture after lengthening; resolved later. The authors emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary team to plan and control of bone lengthening

Avaliação do período anterior à interferencia de plantas daninhas para cultura da cebola transplantada na região do arenito caiuá.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o periodo anterior à interferencia das plantas daninhas na cultura da cebola transplantada em duas épocas na região do Arenito Caiuá

Multi-membership gene regulation in pathway based microarray analysis

This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Gene expression analysis has been intensively researched for more than a decade. Recently, there has been elevated interest in the integration of microarray data analysis with other types of biological knowledge in a holistic analytical approach. We propose a methodology that can be facilitated for pathway based microarray data analysis, based on the observation that a substantial proportion of genes present in biochemical pathway databases are members of a number of distinct pathways. Our methodology aims towards establishing the state of individual pathways, by identifying those truly affected by the experimental conditions based on the behaviour of such genes. For that purpose it considers all the pathways in which a gene participates and the general census of gene expression per pathway. Results: We utilise hill climbing, simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm to analyse the consistency of the produced results, through the application of fuzzy adjusted rand indexes and hamming distance. All algorithms produce highly consistent genes to pathways allocations, revealing the contribution of genes to pathway functionality, in agreement with current pathway state visualisation techniques, with the simulated annealing search proving slightly superior in terms of efficiency. Conclusions: We show that the expression values of genes, which are members of a number of biochemical pathways or modules, are the net effect of the contribution of each gene to these biochemical processes. We show that by manipulating the pathway and module contribution of such genes to follow underlying trends we can interpret microarray results centred on the behaviour of these genes.The work was sponsored by the studentship scheme of the School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics, Brunel Universit

Interação de plantas daninhas com insetos no sistema sucessional soja e feijão-caupi no estado de Goiás.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interação de plantas daninhas com insetos no sistema sucessional soja e feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Federal Goiano, campus Morrinhos, Goiás.Resumo expandido

Interação de plantas daninhas com insetos no sistema sucessional soja e feijão-caupi no estado de Goiás.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interação de plantas daninhas com insetos no sistema sucessional soja e feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Federal Goiano, campus Morrinhos, Goiás.Resumo expandido