Effect of non-genetic factors on replacement rate and its components in Murrah buffaloes of Tamil Nadu

The average value (in %) for abnormal birth, male birth, female birth, death of female calves, culling of female calves, replacement rate on basis of total pregnancies and total female calves born were 2.82, 51.4, 48.6, 38.8, 21.2, 19.4 and 40.0 respectively. On an average 4 to 5 pregnancies were required for one female calf to reach milking herd. Among the non-genetic factors, period of birth contributed for major variation in replacement rate and its components. The effects of different non-genetic factors (viz. season, periods and parity) affecting replacement rate and its components revealed that period of birth affected the replacement rate and its components highly significantly (P<0.01). Beyond fifth lactation the efficacy of cows to replace a heifer decreased gradually

A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity.

Our knowledge about the gut microbiota of pigs is still scarce, despite the importance of these animals for biomedical research and agriculture. Here, we present a collection of cultured bacteria from the pig gut, including 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. We provide taxonomic descriptions for 22 novel species and 16 genera. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal prevalent and pig-specific species within Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, and several new genera described in this study. Potentially interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a fucosyltransferase encoded in the genome of the novel species Clostridium porci, and prevalent gene clusters for biosynthesis of sactipeptide-like peptides. Many strains deconjugate primary bile acids in in vitro assays, and a Clostridium scindens strain produces secondary bile acids via dehydroxylation. In addition, cells of the novel species Bullifex porci are coccoidal or spherical under the culture conditions tested, in contrast with the usual helical shape of other members of the family Spirochaetaceae. The strain collection, called 'Pig intestinal bacterial collection' (PiBAC), is publicly available at www.dsmz.de/pibac and opens new avenues for functional studies of the pig gut microbiota

Prediction of weldment mechanical properties in GMAW with robot-assisted using fuzzy logic systems

Abstract Welding operation decides the quality of product standards in all metal work products like automobiles, aerospace vehicles, and many more. The quality of the welding process is more reliable by automating the process with robots. In this research work, the GMAW operation is automated with the ‘Fanuc Robot Arc mate 100iC/12’ robot. The material characteristics such as ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength of weldments are predicted using a fuzzy system using triangular membership function (TrMF) and trapezoidal membership function (TMF). The simulated results are validated by comparing with experimental work, the experiments are designed using orthogonal array L18, and material characteristics are studied using fractography test. The fuzzy system is trained with experimental results using the IF-Then rule base with the help of the L18 orthogonal array. The inference system has predicted the accuracy rate of weldment mechanical properties, showing a lower error rate.</jats:p

Synthesis and Characterization of Bi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Nanorods Decorated on Carbon Sphere and Study its Electrochemical Application

Bismuth sulfide(Bi2S3) nanorods(NRs) decorated on uniform shape carbon sphere(CS)have been prepared by hydrothermal method, using single source precursorpolyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) as a capping agent. The nanoparticles were synthesized with different ratio of capping agent at different temperatures.The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition of the synthesized nanocrystals have been confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRSEMand EDX. The electrochemical catalytic activity on the reduction of catechol of the synthesized Bi2S3NRs has been investigated.The electrocatalytic oxidation of catechol done with Bi2S3NRs coated CS/GCE modified by using CV and the effect of the scan rate also studied. The modified nanocomposites Bi2S3NRs on CS in GCE are act as a good sensor by detection of catechol in ultra trace level by using DPV techniques.</jats:p

Effect of Probiotic (Probeads-Ec) Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Aseel Cross Chicks

Background: Supplementation of probiotics play an important role on the growth performance of native chicken to achieve early market weight. It has been observed that there was a development of resistance by pathogenic bacteria against antibiotic mixtures used in the feed as growth promoters. The major concern in using antibiotics is presence of residues in the egg and meat. Probiotics are found to be an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the disease incidences and to improve feed efficiency. Methods: Totally 100 numbers of day old Aseel cross chicks were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 50 chicks each. Chicks in control group (T1) were fed with commercially available feed without probiotic supplementation and chicks in treatment group (T2) were fed with probiotic supplemented commercial feed. Trial period was upto 10 weeks of age. Result: Fortnightly body weight and body weight gain were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in treatment group (T2) compared to control group. Average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio also highly (P less than 0.01) significant in treatment group. </jats:p