Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in der Emscher-Lippe-Region : Analysen zu den Parametern Lufttemperatur und Niederschlag

Im Rahmen der Projektarbeit der dr. papadakis GmbH wurden umfangreiche Analysen und Trendberechnungen zu den beiden Parametern Lufttemperatur und Niederschlag in der Emscher‐ Lippe‐Region (ELR) durchgeführt. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse werden in dieser Publikation zusammengefasst. Dabei werden die beiden Parameter hinsichtlich unterschiedlichster Kennwerte und Bilanzierungszeiträume ausgewertet. In der Vergangenheit wird anhand von Messdaten untersucht, welche Veränderungen bereits festzustellen sind, und anhand von Zeitreihen des Regionalen Klimamodells CLM werden mögliche zukünftige Veränderungen abgeschätzt. Für ausgewählte Kenngrößen werden die Entwicklungen in den CLM‐Daten der Bandbreite an Entwicklungen eines begrenzten Ensembles aus sieben Modellrechnungen gegenübergestellt. Darüber hinaus werden anhand einzelner Kenngrößen die Entwicklungen in der ELR gegenüber den überregional festzustellenden Entwicklungen eingeordnet

Trends in precipitation measurement and climate model data and their influence on the assessment of urban systems

Rainfall statistics are composed based on data gained by precipitation measurements and from climate models. These statistics are carried out for both periods in the past and the future. When analysing the time series, different trends can be seen in the measured data of the past and the model data for future periods. Influences on the statistically determined precipitation amounts caused by changes can be neglected for past periods. However, significant increases of the statistical precipitation amounts can be observed for the future. Here a pragmatic approach is presented, showing how to consider possible increases in the statistical precipitation amounts – due to the climate change signal – in the dimensioning of water management systems

A Rapid Emergency Deployment mobile communication node

In an Emergency and/or Crisis Situations (ECS) like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, fires, terrorist attacks etc. the adequate operation of communication services is of extreme importance. History has shown that poor communication in such cases resulted in several casualties. In ECS fixed communication infrastructure might be unserviceable due to sustained damages. Evermore, the communication demand is highly increased in such cases resulting in poor quality of service as both civilians and authorities are trying to establish communications. In this paper, a Rapid Emergency Deployment mobile Communication (REDComm) node is presented. REDComm nodes include wireless communication technologies, to provide various telecommunication services in ECS and interoperability between them. It incorporates an 802.11a mesh cognitive radio technology that operates in the television broadcasting frequency bands to provide a backbone networking with increased range and flexibility. REDComm is constructed upon a trailer chassis able to minimize setup time, which is valuable in ECS. The presented platform is powered by a hybrid power source that combines thermal, solar and wind energy and eliminates the need for external power supply

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance trends of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs) in Crete, Greece, over a 4-year period (2009–2012). A total of 588 community-acquired respiratory pathogens were isolated during the study period. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism responsible for 44.4% of CARTIs, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (44.2%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (11.4%). Among S. pneumoniae, the prevalence of isolates with intermediate- and high-level resistance to penicillin was 27.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Macrolide resistance slightly decreased from 29.4% over the period 2009-2010 to 28.8% over the period 2011-2012. Multiresistance was observed among 56 (54.4%) penicillin nonsusceptible isolates. A nonsignificant increase in resistance of H. influenzae isolates was noted for β-lactams, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline. Among the 67 M. catarrhalis tested, 32 produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to ampicillin. Macrolide resistance decreased over the study period. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, and the fluoroquinolones. Although a decreasing trend in the prevalence of resistance of the three most common pathogens involved in CARTIs was noted, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility at the local and national level remains important, in order to guide appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in fresh and processed table olives of cv. ‘Kalamata’

Mediterranean diet is almost synonymous to the healthy lifestyle and diet nowadays. Some of the major components of the diet are the products of the olive tree, fruits and olive oil, which are classified as medical foods, due to their nutraceutical benefits and their protective properties against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases. The key contributors to these properties are the phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein. Table olives are being processed with several methods in order to reduce the bitterness of the olive fruit and the impact of the processing on phenolic compounds has not been studied extensively. In the present study, changes in the concentration of the most important phenolic compounds were quantified in fresh, Greek-style and Spanish-style processed olive fruits of cv. ‘Kalamata’, using two different analytical methods for identification and quantification: high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-(ESI)-MS/MS). The phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, verbascocide, rutin, oleuropein and luteolin. Both processing methods used altered the phenolic compounds concentration in ‘Kalamata’ olive fruits compared to untreated fruits. In both analytical methods, a statistically significant increase in verbascoside and hydroxytyrosol concentration and a statistically significant decrease in rutin concentration was observed in both, Greek-style and Spanish-style, processed olive fruits

Analytical measurement: measurement uncertainty and statistics

TrainMiC® is a European programme for lifelong learning on how to interpret the metrological requirements in chemistry. It is operational across many parts of Europe via national teams. These teams use shareware pedagogic tools which have been harmonised at European level through the joint effort of many experts across Europe working as an editorial board. The material has been translated into 14 different languages. This report includes four TrainMiC® presentations: 1) Uncertainty of measurement - Part I Principles; 2) Uncertainty of measurement - Part II Approaches to evaluation; 3) Statistics for analytical chemistry - Part I; and 4) Statistics for analytical chemistry - Part II.JRC.D.3 - Knowledge Transfer and Standards for Securit