Por unas ciencias ambientales y unas ciencias de la tierra : reflexiones críticas y propuestas para un debate

Earth and Environmental Sciences are analysed in criticism form. A differentiation of Environmental Sciences and Earth Sciences as different subjects is proposed. In the case of Environmental Sciences, a «taxonomy» of contents is included with the purpose of facilitating the programme of the subject. Environmental Sciences should be a trunk subject for all the students in PostObligatory Secondary Education («bachillerato»), while Earth Sciences, a new suggested subject, should be a subject only for the modality of Sciences

Electronic Properties of Ultra-Thin Aluminum Nanowires

We have carried out first principles electronic structure and total energy calculations for a series of ultrathin aluminum nanowires, based on structures obtained by relaxing the model wires of Gulseren et al. The number of conducting channels is followed as the wires radius is increased. The results suggest that pentagonal wires should be detectable, as the only ones who can yield a channel number between 8 and 10.Comment: 9 pages + 3 figures, to appear on Surface Scienc

Electron Mass Anomalous Dimension at O(1/N^2_f) in Quantum Electrodynamics

The critical exponent corresponding to the renormalization of the composite operator $\bar{\psi}\psi$ is computed in quantum electrodynamics at O(1/\Nf^2) in arbitrary dimensions and covariant gauge at the non-trivial zero of the $\beta$-function in the large \Nf expansion and the exponent corresponding to the anomalous dimension of the electron mass which is a gauge independent object is deduced. Expanding in powers of $\epsilon$ $=$ $2$ $-$ $d/2$ we check it is consistent with the known three loop perturbative structure and determine the subsequent coefficients in the coupling constantComment: 12 pages (latex), 1 figure (available from author on request), LTH-31

The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model at O(1/N^2)

We write down the anomalous dimensions of the fields of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model or chiral Gross Neveu model with a continuous global chiral symmetry for the two cases $U(1)$ $\times$ $U(1)$ and $SU(M)$ $\times$ $SU(M)$ at $O(1/N^2)$ in a $1/N$ expansion.Comment: 9 latex pages, 4 figures (available on request from the author), LTH-308, (2 eqns corrected

Quark, Gluon and Ghost Anomalous Dimensions at O(1/N_f) in Quantum Chromodynamics

By considering the scaling behaviour of various Feynman graphs at leading order in large \Nf at the non-trivial fixed point of the $d$-dimensional $\beta$-function of QCD we deduce the critical exponents corresponding to the quark, gluon and ghost anomalous dimensions as well as the anomalous dimensions of the quark-quark-gluon and ghost-ghost-gluon vertices in the Landau gauge. As the exponents encode all orders information on the perturbation series of the corresponding renormalization group functions we find agreement with the known three loop structure and, moreover, we provide new information at all subsequent orders.Comment: 13 pages latex plus 3 figures (available from author on request), LTH-31

Análisis mediante SIG de los parámetros de producción de escorrentía

El umbral de escorrentía (P0) constituye uno de los parámetros clave en el estudio de la respuesta hidrológica de una cuenca. Resulta fundamental para el estudio de episodios y hace referencia a las pérdidas de precipitación, que tienen lugar en el sistema fluvial, desde el inicio del mismo hasta que se produce escorrentía. Uno de los métodos más usado para la estimación de este umbral es el desarrollado por el US Soil Conservation Service –SCS- (1972). Este método utiliza, entre otros, valores de pendiente, vegetación, usos del suelo y características hidrológicas del suelo. Aunque los valores de las tablas originales han sido modificados para el caso español por Témez, la experiencia demuestra que, en ambientes de rambla, se necesita una mayor adaptación, dada la especificidad del entorno morfoclimático. Este trabajo propone algunas modificaciones al método para mejorar la estimación del umbral de escorrentía en ramblas mediterráneas. Se presenta una aproximación, mediante SIG, al cálculo del P0 en el Bco de Carraixet, incluyendo el análisis de las características hidrogeomorfológicas de la cuenca para la estimación de la infiltración del suelo. Además, la estimación del parámetro en varias fechas permite un estudio diacrónico, que pone de manifiesto la evolución espacio-temporal de la producción de escorrentía, en función de los cambios en el uso del suelo

The tan(beta) - M_H^\pm bound from inclusive semi-tauonic B-decays in the MSSM

We compute the O(alpha_s) SUSY-QCD corrections to the W and charged Higgs mediated inclusive semi-tauonic B-decay, B->tau antineutrino_tau X. Combining the SUSY contribution with the SM result obtained from the heavy quark effective field theory, plus ordinary QCD corrections, we find that the allowed region in the (tan(beta),M_H^\pm)-plane could be significantly modified by the short-distance supersymmetric effects. Since the sensitivity to the SUSY parameters other than mu (the higgsino mixing mass) is rather low, the following effective bound emerges for mu<0 at the 2 sigma level: tan(beta)~< 0.43 (M_H^\pm/GeV). Remarkably, for mu>0 there could be no bound at all. Finally, we provide a combined (tan(beta,M_H^\pm) exclusion plot using our B-meson results together with the recent data from top quark decays.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 1 table and 3 figs included as a separate file, full postscript version avaliable at ftp://ftp.ifae.es/preprint/ft/uabft407.ps . New comments and references added. Accepted version in Phys. Lett.

The Puzzling Stability of Monatomic Gold Wires

We have examined theoretically the spontaneous thinning process of tip-suspended nanowires, and subsequently studied the structure and stability of the monatomic gold wires recently observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The methods used include thermodynamics, classical many-body force simulations, Local Density (LDA) and Generalized Gradient (GGA) electronic structure calculations as well as ab-initio simulations including the two tips. The wire thinning is well explained in terms of a thermodynamic tip suction driving migration of surface atoms from the wire to the tips. For the same reason the monatomic wire becomes progressively stretched. Surprisingly, however, all calculations so far indicate that the stretched monatomic gold wire should be unstable against breaking, contrary to the apparent experimental stability. The possible reasons for the observed stability are discussed.Comment: 4 figure

Anomalous Dimension of Non-Singlet Wilson Operators at O(1/N_f) in Deep Inelastic Scattering

We use the large N_f self consistency formalism to compute the $O(1/N_f)$ critical exponent corresponding to the renormalization of the flavour non-singlet twist two Wilson operators which arise in the operator product expansion of currents in deep inelastic processes. Expanding the $d$-dimensional expression in powers of $\epsilon$ $=$ $(4-d)/2$ the coefficients of $\epsilon$ agree with the known two loop structure of the corresponding renormalization group function and we deduce analytic expressions for all moments, $n$, at three and higher orders in perturbation theory in the \overline{\mbox{MS}} scheme at $O(1/N_f)$.Comment: 13 Latex pages, 1 figure (available from author on request), LTH-32

Glimpses of the Octonions and Quaternions History and Todays Applications in Quantum Physics

Before we dive into the accessibility stream of nowadays indicatory applications of octonions to computer and other sciences and to quantum physics let us focus for a while on the crucially relevant events for todays revival on interest to nonassociativity. Our reflections keep wandering back to the $Brahmagupta$ $Fibonacc$ two square identity and then via the $Euler$ four square identity up to the $Degen$ $Ggraves$ $Cayley$ eight square identity. These glimpses of history incline and invite us to retell the story on how about one month after quaternions have been carved on the $Broughamian$ bridge octonions were discovered by $John$ $Thomas$ $Ggraves$, jurist and mathematician, a friend of $William$ $Rowan$ $Hamilton$. As for today we just mention en passant quaternionic and octonionic quantum mechanics, generalization of $Cauchy$ $Riemann$ equations for octonions and triality principle and $G_2$ group in spinor language in a descriptive way in order not to daunt non specialists. Relation to finite geometries is recalled and the links to the 7stones of seven sphere, seven imaginary octonions units in out of the $Plato$ cave reality applications are appointed . This way we are welcomed back to primary ideas of $Heisenberg$, $Wheeler$ and other distinguished fathers of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity foundations.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure