Performance of Equal Phase-Shift Search for One Iteration

Grover presented the phase-shift search by replacing the selective inversions by selective phase shifts of $\pi /3$. In this paper, we investigate the phase-shift search with general equal phase shifts. We show that for small uncertainties, the failure probability of the Phase-$\pi /3$ search is smaller than the general phase-shift search and for large uncertainties, the success probability of the large phase-shift search is larger than the Phase-$\pi /3$ search. Therefore, the large phase-shift search is suitable for large-size of databases.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

On Buffered Threshold Garch Models

published_or_final_versio

Mueller Matrix Decomposition of Diffuse Reflectance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle

doi:10.1364/AO.48.002625Propagation of polarized light in skeletal muscle is significantly affected by anisotropic muscle structures. To completely characterize muscle polarization properties, we acquired the whole Mueller matrix images of the diffuse reflectance. A polar decomposition algorithm was applied to extract the individual diattenuation, retardance, and depolarization images from the measured Mueller matrix. The decomposed polarization properties in muscle show distinctly different patterns from those obtained in isotropic scattering media. Stretching the prerigor muscle sample induced clear changes in the raw polarization reflectance images. However, muscle stretching induced minimal changes in the decomposed Mueller matrix images.This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant CBET-0643190

Emitter-site selective photoelectron circular dichroism of trifluoromethyloxirane

The angle-resolved inner-shell photoionization of R-trifluoromethyloxirane, C3H3F3O, is studied experimentally and theoretically. Thereby, we investigate the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) for nearly-symmetric O 1s and F 1s electronic orbitals, which are localized on different molecular sites. The respective dichroic $\beta_{1}$ and angular distribution $\beta_{2}$ parameters are measured at the photoelectron kinetic energies from 1 to 16 eV by using variably polarized synchrotron radiation and velocity map imaging spectroscopy. The present experimental results are in good agreement with the outcome of ab initio electronic structure calculations. We report a sizable chiral asymmetry $\beta_{1}$ of up to about 9% for the K-shell photoionization of oxygen atom. For the individual fluorine atoms, the present calculations predict asymmetries of similar size. However, being averaged over all fluorine atoms, it drops down to about 2%, as also observed in the present experiment. Our study demonstrates a strong emitter- and site-sensitivity of PECD in the one-photon inner-shell ionization of this chiral molecule

Synthesis of Hydroxy-α-sanshool

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Probing the nuclear EOS with fragment production

We discuss fragmentation mechanisms and isospin transport occurring in central collisions between neutron rich systems at Fermi energies. In particular, isospin effects are analyzed looking at the correlations between fragment isotopic content and kinematical properties. Simulations are based on an approximate solution of the Boltzmann-Langevin (BL) equation. An attempt to solve the complete BL equation, by introducing full fluctuations in phase space is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; Int.Nucl.Phys.Conf., Tokyo June 07, to appear in Nucl.Phys.A (Elsart

Contribution of an alveolar cell of origin to the high-grade malignant phenotype of pregnancy-associated breast cancer.

Pregnancy-associated breast cancers (PABCs) are tumors diagnosed during pregnancy or up to 5 years following parturition, and are usually high-grade, connective tissue-rich, and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor-negative. Little is known about the cellular origin of PABCs or the mechanisms by which PABCs are initiated. Using the RCAS retrovirus to deliver the ErbB2 oncogene into the mammary epithelium of our previously reported MMTV-tva transgenic mice, we detected high-grade, poorly differentiated, stroma-rich and ER-negative tumors during pregnancy and lactation. These high-grade and stroma-rich tumors were less frequent in involuted mice or in age-matched nulliparous mice. More importantly, by generating a WAP-tva transgenic line for expression of ErbB2 selectively in WAP(+) mammary alveolar cells, we found that tumors had similar morphological phenotypes (high grade, poorly differentiated, stroma-rich and ER-negative), irrespective of the time since pregnancy and even in the absence of pregnancy. These data suggest that PABCs arise preferentially from an alveolar cell population that expands during pregnancy and lactation. This somatic mouse model may also be useful for preclinical testing of new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against PABC

Experimental evidence of thermal fluctuations on the X-ray absorption near-edge structure at the aluminum K-edge

After a review of temperature-dependent experimental x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and related theoretical developments, we present the Al K-edge XANES spectra of corundum and beryl for temperature ranging from 300K to 930K. These experimental results provide a first evidence of the role of thermal fluctuation in XANES at the Al K-edge especially in the pre-edge region. The study is carried out by polarized XANES measurements of single crystals. For any orientation of the sample with respect to the x-ray beam, the pre-edge peak grows and shifts to lower energy with temperature. In addition temperature induces modifications in the position and intensities of the main XANES features. First-principles DFT calculations are performed for both compounds. They show that the pre-edge peak originates from forbidden 1s to 3s transitions induced by vibrations. Three existing theoretical models are used to take vibrations into account in the absorption cross section calculations: i) an average of the XANES spectra over the thermal displacements of the absorbing atom around its equilibrium position, ii) a method based on the crude Born-Oppenheimer approximation where only the initial state is averaged over thermal displacements, iii) a convolution of the spectra obtained for the atoms at the equilibrium positions with an approximate phonon spectral function. The theoretical spectra so obtained permit to qualitatively understand the origin of the spectral modifications induced by temperature. However the correct treatment of thermal fluctuation in XANES spectroscopy requires more sophisticated theoretical tools

The Effects of Macrophage Polarity on Influenza Virus Replication and Innate Immune Responses

Different pathways of macrophage differentiation and activation lead to diverse macrophage phenotypes including expression of cell surface molecules, cytokine secretion and transcription profiles. Here we investigated in vitro the impact of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory polarization of human primary macrophages on their susceptibility to Influenza A virus infection and characterised innate immune responses in infected cells. M2 M-CSF+IL4 macrophages showed greater susceptibility to influenza A infection than M1 GM-CSF+interferon (IFN)γ macrophages.published_or_final_versio

Stability of Quantum Motion: Beyond Fermi-golden-rule and Lyapunov decay

We study, analytically and numerically, the stability of quantum motion for a classically chaotic system. We show the existence of different regimes of fidelity decay which deviate from Fermi Golden rule and Lyapunov decay.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure