Agronomic and zootechnical assessment of Colosoana grass (Bothriochloa pertusa) in dry tropics of Tolima.

P?ginas 36-40Recurso Electr?nicoLas pasturas colombianas en tierras del tr?pico bajo est?n constituidas por gram?neas de alto potencial productivo como Panicum maximum, Dichanthium aristatum, Brachiarias y algunas especies naturalizadas como Bothriochloa pertusa. Esta ?ltima ha colonizado en forma r?pida diferentes tierras ganaderas, desplazando otras especies cultivadas. El objetivo del estudio apunto a evaluar la respuesta de B. pertusa en un sistema silvopastoril. Dos tratamientos fueron evaluados: una pastura monofitica de Colosoana (SM) y una pastura de B. pertusa asociado con Leucaena leucocephala bajo un sistema silvopastoril (SSP), en los cuales, par?metros morfoagron?micos, bromatol?gicos y zoot?cnicos fueron realizados. Algunos resultados alcanzados fueron: la prote?na cruda del pasto fue 8,3%, y 6,81 para los tratamientos SM y SSP; respecto al ?rea foliar se observaron valores de 30 cm2 y 61 cm2, en SM y SSP, respectivamente fueron alcanzados. Por otro lado los datosrelacionados con ganancia diaria de peso en bovinos demuestran que existe una tendencia a incrementar peso en las pasturas monof?ticas (802,1 ? 331,6 g/d?a) versus el sistema silvopastoril (625,18 ? 386,9 g/d?a). En conclusi?n, los datos encontrados en el estudio revelan que el comportamiento del pasto Colosoana present? mejores resultados bajo el sistema convencional (SM),donde hay ausencia de la sombra de la Leucaena, posiblemente, debido a su baja capacidad de tolerar el sombr?o.ABSTRACT. Pastures from tropical low lands of Colombia are made up of adapted species of high productive potentials, like Panicum maximum, Dichanthiumaristatum, Brachiarias and some naturalized species like Bothriochloa pertusa. The latter has colonized quickly different livestock lands, displacing other cultivated species. This study aimed to evaluate the B. pertusa productive answer under a silvopastoral system; it was carried out in Pajonales livestock farm, located in Ambalema municipality (Tolima). Two treatments were evaluated: A monophyticpasture of Colosoana grass (SM) and a pasture of Bothriochloa pertusa grass associated to Leucaenaleucocephala, under a silvopastoral system (SSP), in which, agronomic, bromatologic and productive parameters were evaluated. Some results reached were: Crude protein of B. pertusa grass (33 days regrowth) was 8,3%, and 6,81 SM and SSP treatments, respectively; regarding leaf area values 30 and 61 cm2, in SM and SSP, respectively were reached. On the other hand, daily weight gain rates (DWG) show a tendency to increase weight in monoculture pasture (802,1 ? 331,6 Kg/day) versus the SSP (625,18 ? 386,9 Kg/day). In conclusion, data found showed that Colosoana grass had a better productive answer under conventional cultivation (SM), where the shade of Leucaena was absent, probably because its low capacity to tolerate shade

Nutritional quality of Vidal grass (Bothriochloa saccharoides) under dry tropical conditions

P?ginas 51-55Recurso Electr?nicoEste articulo contiene informaci?n acerca del pasto Vidal (Botriochloa saccharoides), gram?nea poco estudiada y que posee grandes cualidades a nivel nutricional y productivo tanto en monocultivo como en asociaci?n con especies arb?reas. Durante el desarrollo de esta investigaci?n se evaluaron las caracter?sticas de calidad nutricional del pasto Vidal durante sus diferentes etapas fenol?gicas (germinaci?n, vegetativa, reproductiva y senescencia). Para ello se estableci? una parcela en la granja ?CURDN? (Centro Universitario Regional del Norte del Tolima) ubicada en el municipio de Armero Guayabal. El ensayo fue desarrollado con el objetivo de determinar las caracter?sticas nutricionales m?s relevantes durante el desarrollo del ciclo del pasto Vidal. Seg?n los resultados obtenidos el pasto Botriochloa saccharoides present? un ciclo fenol?gico de 137 d?as, tiempo en el cual se observaron las fases de germinaci?n, prefloraci?n, floraci?n y senescencia a los 37, 91, 114 y 128 d?as respectivamente. El tiempo ideal para el primer pastoreo es aproximadamente a los 91 d?as etapa en la cual el pasto est? en estado de prefloraci?n con una PC de 5,24%; DIVMS 54,21%; 45,8% de FDA y 8,3% de lignina.ABSTRACT. This article contains information about Vidal grass (Botriochloa saccharoides) , which has been little studied although it has good nutritional and productive qualities as much in single-crop farming as in association with arboreal species. Throughout this project, the Characteristics of nutritional quality of Vidal grass were evaluated during their different stages of development (germination, vegetative, reproductive and senescence,). Then, an experimental plot was sown in the ?CURDN? farm (Centro Universitario Regional del Norte del Tolima), located in the municipality of Armero - Guayabal. According to the results obtained, the Botriochloa saccharoides grass presented a cycle of 137 days. The germination, vegetative, reproductive and senescence phases could be observed at the 37th , 91st , 114th and 128th days, respectively. The ideal time for the first harvest is immediately after the first stage is over (91 days), stage in which the grass has a CP of 5,24%; DMIVD 54,21%; 72,1% of ADF and 8,3% lignin

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Bariatric surgery: evidence-based practical recommendations

[Resumen] La obesidad mórbida es, habitualmente, refractaria a los tratamientos convencionales, por lo que la modificación de hábitos dietéticos y de actividad física y/o el uso de fármacos consiguen pérdidas de peso parciales con habitual recuperación posterior. La cirugía bariátrica constituye una opción terapéutica para los casos de obesidad con elevado índice de masa corporal (IMC) asociada a comorbilidades, con buenos resultados a corto y largo plazo. El Grupo de Trabajo sobre Obesidad de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (GOSEEN) ha elaborado un documento con recomendaciones prácticas basadas en la evidencia para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad. La revisión se estructura en 3 partes. En la primera se definen los conceptos de obesidad y comorbilidades asociadas, los tratamientos médicos y sus resultados, las indicaciones y contraindicaciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico con los criterios de selección de los pacientes, el manejo pre y perioperatorio y la valoración de grupos especiales, como adolescentes y personas de edad avanzada. En la segunda parte se describen las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas, las vías de acceso y los resultados comparativos, las complicaciones tanto a corto como a largo plazo, la repercusión de la pérdida ponderal sobre las comorbilidades y los criterios para evaluar la efectividad de la cirugía. En la tercera parte se desarrolla el seguimiento postoperatorio, el control dietético en fases tempranas y más tardías tras la cirugía, y el calendario de control médico y analítico con la suplementación de los distintos macro y micronutrientes en función de la técnica quirúrgica empleada. Se incluye un apartado final sobre gestación y cirugía bariátrica, así como tablas y gráficos complementarios al texto desarrollado. La cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo un tratamiento discutido para la obesidad, pero los resultados en la corrección del exceso ponderal con mejoría en las patologías asociadas y en la calidad de vida confirman que puede ser el tratamiento de elección en pacientes seleccionados, con la técnica quirúrgica apropiada y con un correcto control pre y postoperatorio.[Abstract] Morbid obesity is usually refractory to conventional treatments. Consequently, weight that is lost by modifying diet and exercise and/or the use of drugs is usually later regained. Bariatric surgery constitutes a therapeutic option in obese patients with a high body mass index associated with comorbidities and achieves good results in both the short and the long term. The Obesity Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition has produced a document with practical, evidencebased recommendations for the surgical treatment of obesity. The review is structured in three parts. The first part defines the concepts of obesity and associated comorbidities, medical treatments, their results, and the indications and contraindications for surgical treatment, as well as the criteria for patient selection, pre- and perisurgical management, and assessment of special groups such as adolescents and the elderly. The second part discusses the different surgical techniques, approaches and comparative results, short- and long-term complications, the repercussions of weight loss on comorbidities, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of surgery. The third part discusses postsurgical follow-up, dietary control in the early and subsequent stages after surgery and the schedule for medical and laboratory follow-up, together with the different macro- and micronutrient supplements that should be used depending on the surgical technique employed. A final section is included on pregnancy and bariatric surgery, as well as tables and figures that complement the text. Although bariatric surgery continues to be a questionable treatment for obesity, the results correcting excess weight, with improvements in associated comorbidities and in quality of life, confirm that this option could be the treatment of choice in selected patients when the appropriate surgical technique and correct preand postoperative follow-up are employed

Group Prenatal Care in Mexico: perspectives and experiences of health personnel

OBJETIVO: Identificar barreras y facilitadores de la implementación del modelo de Atención Prenatal en Grupo en México (APG), desde la perspectiva del personal de salud. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo en cuatro clínicas de la Secretaría de Salud en dos estados de México (Morelos e Hidalgo) de junio de 2016 a agosto de 2018. Se realizaron 11 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a prestadores de servicios de salud. Se exploraron sus percepciones y experiencias durante la implementación del modelo de APG. Se identificaron barreras y facilitadores para su adopción en dos dimensiones: a) estructurales (espacio, recursos, personal de salud, volumen de pacientes, comunidad) y b) actitudinales (motivación, liderazgo, aceptabilidad, abordaje de problemas, clima y comunicación). RESULTADOS: Las barreras más relevantes reportadas en el nivel estructural fueron la disponibilidad de espacio físico en las unidades y la sobrecarga de trabajo del personal de salud. Se identificó la dificultad para adoptar una relación menos jerárquica durante la atención a las gestantes en el nivel actitudinal. El principal facilitador a nivel actitudinal fue la aceptabilidad que los prestadores tienen del modelo. Un hallazgo específico para el contexto de la implementación en México fue la resistencia al cambio en la relación médico-paciente; resulta difícil abandonar el modelo jerárquico prevaleciente y cambiar a una relación más horizontal con las gestantes. CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de la implementación del modelo de APG en México, desde la perspectiva del personal de salud, ha evidenciado barreras y facilitadores similares a las experiencias en otros contextos. Esfuerzos futuros para la adopción del modelo deberán enfocarse en la atención oportuna de las barreras identificadas, sobre todo aquellas señaladas en la dimensión actitudinal que pueden ser modificadas a través de capacitaciones continuas al personal de salud.OBJECTIVE: Identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the Group Prenatal Care model in Mexico (GPC) from the health care personnel’s perspective. METHODS: We carried out a qualitative descriptive study in four clinics of the Ministry of Health in two states of Mexico (Morelos and Hidalgo) from June 2016 to August 2018. We conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with health care service providers, and we examined their perceptions and experiences during the implementation of the GPC model. We identified the barriers and facilitators for its adoption in two dimensions: a) structural (space, resources, health personnel, patient volume, community) and b) attitudinal (motivation, leadership, acceptability, address problems, work atmosphere and communication). RESULTS: The most relevant barriers reported at the structural level were the availability of physical space in health units and the work overload of health personnel. We identified the difficulty in adopting a less hierarchical relationship during the pregnant women’s care at the attitudinal level. The main facilitator at the attitudinal level was the acceptability that providers had of the model. One specific finding for Mexico’s implementation context was the resistance to change the doctor-patient relationship; it is difficult to abandon the prevailing hierarchical model and change to a more horizontal relationship with pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Analyzing the GPC model’s implementation in Mexico, from the health care personnel’s perspective, has revealed barriers and facilitators similar to the experiences in other contexts. Future efforts to adopt the model should focus on timely attention to identified barriers, especially those identified in the attitudinal dimension that can be modified by regular health care personnel training

Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Indicadores de captura de Isostichopus badionotus en áreas de pesca del sur de Camagüey, Cuba

El trabajo se desarrolló en la Empresa Pesquera Industrial de Santa Cruz del Sur de Camagüey, Cuba, con el objetivo de describir el comportamiento de indicadores de captura de Isostichopus badionotus (pepino de mar). Los parámetros analizados fueron: captura media, peso medio de pepino entero y número medio de ejemplares capturados, en los ciclos de pesca y meses del período 2006 a 2010. Se empleó gráficos de líneas y barras, con el cálculo del estadígrafo media. Se encontró deterioro de la población de pepino de mar; las capturas, número de ejemplares y peso promedio de la especie. La captura media en los ciclos 1 al 5 disminuyó, con valores de 5 689; 5 623; 5 265; 6 810 y 4 153 kg, respectivamente. El número medio de pepino capturado en los ciclos en orden ascendente, correspondió a 13 117; 15 955; 11 441; 19 981 y 11 427 ejemplares. El peso promedio entero fue de 448,2 g para el ciclo 1; 354,9; 449,2; 353,9 y 348,8 para los ciclos 2; 3; 4 y 5, respectivamente. El cuarto ciclo se caracterizó por mayores valores de captura y número de individuos con el reclutamiento de animales de bajos pesos.Palabras clave: Isostichopus badionotus, pepino de mar, manejo pesquer