BIM aplicado ao projeto de fôrmas de madeira em estrutura de concreto armado

ResumoO Projeto Construtivo de Fôrmas de Madeira (PCFM) faz uso tradicionalmente de ferramentas CAD na representação bidimensional, limitando sua inserção no contexto de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Considerando que BIM se encontra em grande expansão no mercado nacional esta pesquisa visa apontar um caminho para se vencer esta limitação. Propõe-se uma biblioteca de componentes para o projeto de fôrmas de madeira, incluindo usos de BIM tais como a Modelagem, a Quantificação, a Simulação 4D e procedimentos associados. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a Constructive Research. Os componentes para a biblioteca foram desenvolvidos na ferramenta BIM Revit Structure. A proposta foi validada: em ambiente de ensino, escritório de projeto e na prática. Verifica-se que a pesquisa é consonante com os poucos estudos internacionais pioneiros e semelhantes, sendo contextualizada para o cenário nacional. Observa-se também que todas as pesquisas que tratam de BIM associado a fôrmas requerem um modelo de informação que inclua a modelagem de fôrmas no mesmo. Desta forma, este estudo é também fundamental, pois amplia desdobramentos da incorporação de BIM na cadeia produtiva da construção civil

Housing and Housing Finance - A Review of the Links to Economic Development and Poverty Reduction

The paper provides a review of the literature that links housing, housing finance, and economic development. The housing sector may support poverty reduction and inclusive growth in two general ways. First, housing construction contributes to economic output, creates employment, and generates a demand for materials and related services. Second, improved housing raises the standard of living of occupants. At the same time, housing purchases are costly for individuals, constituting the most valuable asset owned by most households and often requiring housing finance (mortgages) to allow for purchase. These links - between housing and the economy and between housing and housing finance - are explored in this review paper. It finds that the benefits of housing for individuals accrue in large part indirectly through better health, based on improved water and sanitation. Housing also generates large multiplier effects in terms of employment and output. Employment is created for both skilled and poorer, unskilled workers. The evidence also suggests that there is a symbiotic relationship between housing finance and financial sector development. Housing finance helps to develop the financial sector (contributing to economic growth) and is also helped by financial sector development

Sources of construction growth in selected OECD countries

Construction is believed to be less dynamic than other major economic sectors. This industry displays a bell shaped share in GNP, that follows the pattern of manufacturing over the long, as labor moves towards services and construction employment share is declining. This pattern has important policy implications since construction is a growth engine at lower development stages. This study addresses this issue by using Growth and Productivity Accounts that include measures of output growth, employment and skill creation, capital formation and total-factor productivity (TFP) for selected OECD countries. Input measures include various categories of capital (K), labour (L), energy (E), material (M) and service inputs (S). The methodology builds upon the well known total-factor productivity (TFP) analysis. Growth accounting allows one to assess the relative importance of labour, capital and intermediate inputs to growth, and to derive measures of total-factor productivity (TFP) growth. TFP indicates the efficiency with which inputs are being used in the production process and is an important indicator of technological change. This framework can complement standard IO analysis to assess the significant role played by the construction industry in the economic growth of any country

Subcontracting practices in USA homebuilding an empirical verification of Eccles's findings 20 years later

The activities of the construction industry can be interpreted as a network of transactions, or contracts. According to Williamson's framework, the analysis of transaction costs explains why the exchange of goods and services is governed by a specific government structure, ranging from "hierarchy" to "market". The study is based on two recent field studies of homebuilders and commercial (non-residential) contractors, which follow the analytical methodology of Eccles's investigation of homebuilders' subcontracting practice. In this investigation, Eccles argued for the theoretical existence of the "quasifirm", a stable organizational unit between the homebuilder and specialty subcontractors. Before illustrating the authors' findings, the paper first presents a review of Eccles's study of homebuilders, including a verification of its results. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the presented studies

Does volume follows share? The case of the Danish construction industry

In 1992, Ranko Bon argued that in highly developed countries the relatively declining economic importance of the construction industry is followed by the absolute decline of its output. The shrinking volume has implications with production capacity that, at a certain point of economic maturity, tends to be added at a slower rate than in the past. By using statistical data of the Danish construction industry, this study attempts to verify Bon\u2019s proposition. The absolute decline of housing investments partially supports such a proposition. What is more, since the peak of the mid-1970s, the addition rate to the capacity of the Danish economy has slowed down