The Covenant of Mayors in Sub-Saharan Africa: in depth analysis of sustainable energy access and climate action plans

The Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa (CoM SSA) is one of the regional chapters of the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM). Under the CoM SSA local authorities are invited to make a voluntary political commitment to implement climate and energy actions in their communities and agree on a long-term vision to tackle 3 pillars: Mitigation and Adaptation to climate change and Access to energy. Given the priority of clean and sustainable energy access for local authorities in CoM SSA, signatories in this region have been the first assessing their status and planning actions to improve their electricity access and clean cooking availability. This study provides a scientific assessment of the CoM SSA initiative, based on data covering mitigation, adaptation and energy access submitted by signatories through the offline reporting tool. The Sustainable Energy Access and Climate Action Plans submitted by signatories have been in-depth evaluated through a specific framework of key performance indicators. Finally, this report is the first of its kind delivering insights into the Energy Access pillar.JRC.C.2 - Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Guidebook: how to develop a Climate Action Plan for cities in India

The Global Covenant of Mayors in South Asia supports local authorities in India in the climate challenge and in their efforts in ensuring access to clean energy. It is the "regional covenant" of the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy (GCoM). Under The Global Covenant of Mayors in South Asia local authorities are invited to make a voluntarily political commitment to implement climate and energy actions in their communities and agree on a long-term vision to tackle 3 pillars, namely access to energy, climate mitigation and climate adaptation. In order to translate the political commitment into practical measures, signatory cities commit to elaborating and implementing a Sustainable Energy Access and Climate Action Plan (CAP). This document has been prepared to assist Indian cities in preparing a Climate Action Plan. It provides step-by-step guidance and examples of measures relevant for local authorities in India context. Despite being framed and definite, the process of developing a CAP allows flexibility. The choice and sequence of actions can vary according to the policies and measures already in place. This flexibility allows local governments to develop a CAP that is coherent with and effective for their local circumstances and objectives.JRC.C.2 - Energy Efficiency and Renewable

la responsibilità sciistica

In the context of the legal discipline of civil liability, the subject of continuous debate and evolution, this volume aims to provide a picture as complete as possible of ski liability by dealing with the different profiles of responsibility: managers of skiable areas, users, ski instructors, subjects involved in the organization of competitive events. This collection of conference proceedings, in addition to the contributions of the speakers, contains important works by scholars and experts in the field.; Nell’ambito della disciplina giuridica della responsabilità civile, oggetto di continuo dibattito ed evoluzione, il presente volume mira a fornire un quadro quanto più possibilmente completo della responsabilità sciistica trattando i diversi profili di responsabilità: dei gestori delle aree sciabili, degli utenti, dei maestri di sci, dei soggetti coinvolti nella organizzazione di eventi agonistici. Questa raccolta di atti di convegno, oltre ai contributi dei relatori, contiene importanti lavori di studiosi ed esperti della materia

Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis in corticosteroid – treated patients

BACKGROUND: The number of leishmaniasis cases associated with immunosuppression has increased regularly over the past 20 years. Immunosuppression related to HIV infection, immunosuppressive treatment, organ transplantation, and neoplastic diseases increases the risk for Leishmania-infected people to develop visceral illness. CASE PRESENTATION: Three cases of Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis in corticosteroid (CS)-treated patients are reported: an isolated lingual leishmaniasis in a farmer treated with CS for asthma, a severe visceral leishmaniasis associated with cutaneous lesions in a woman with myasthenia gravis, and a visceral involvement after cutaneous leishmaniasis in a man receiving CS. CONCLUSION: Physicians should recognise CS-treated patients as a population likely to be immunesuppressed. In immunodeficiency conditions, unusual forms of leishmaniasis can develop and foster the risk of a diagnostic delay and of poor response to therapy

Ebola virus disease complicated with viral interstitial pneumonia: A case report

Background: In the current Ebola epidemic in Western Africa, many healthcare workers have become infected. Some of these have been medically evacuated to hospitals in Europe and the USA. These clinical experiences provide unique insights into the course of Ebola virus disease under optimized condition within high level isolation units. Case presentation: A 50-year-old Caucasian male physician contracted Ebola virus diseases in Sierra Leone and was medically evacuated to Italy. Few days after the admission the course of the illness was characterized by severe gastro-intestinal symptoms followed by respiratory failure, accompanied by pulmonary infiltration and high Ebola viral load in the bronchial aspirate and Plasmodium vivax co-infection. The patient received experimental antiviral therapy with favipiravir, convalescent plasma and ZMAb. Ebola viral load started to steadily decrease in the blood after ZMAb administration and became undetectable by day 19 after admission, while it persisted longer in urine samples. No temporal association was observed between viral load decay in plasma and administration of favipiravir. The patient completely recovered and was discharged 39days after admission. Conclusions: This is the first case of Ebola-related interstitial pneumonia documented by molecular testing of lung fluid specimens. This reports underlines the pivotal role of fluid replacement and advanced life support with mechanical ventilation in the management of patients with Ebola virus diseases respiratory failure. Beside our finding indicates a close temporal association between administration of cZMAb and Ebola virus clearance from blood

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015–21

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is still a critical aspect for the management of individuals living with HIV-1. Thus, its evaluation is crucial to optimize HIV care. Methods: Overall, 2386 HIV-1 protease/reverse transcriptase and 1831 integrase sequences from drug-naïve individuals diagnosed in north and central Italy between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. TDR was evaluated over time. Phylogeny was generated by maximum likelihood. Factors associated with TDR were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: Individuals were mainly male (79.1%) and Italian (56.2%), with a median (IQR) age of 38 (30-48). Non-B infected individuals accounted for 44.6% (N = 1065) of the overall population and increased over time (2015-2021, from 42.1% to 51.0%, P = 0.002). TDR prevalence to any class was 8.0% (B subtype 9.5% versus non-B subtypes 6.1%, P = 0.002) and remained almost constant over time. Overall, 300 transmission clusters (TCs) involving 1155 (48.4%) individuals were identified, with a similar proportion in B and non-infected individuals (49.7% versus 46.8%, P = 0.148). A similar prevalence of TDR among individuals in TCs and those out of TCs was found (8.2% versus 7.8%, P = 0.707).By multivariable analysis, subtypes A, F, and CFR02_AG were negatively associated with TDR. No other factors, including being part of TCs, were significantly associated with TDR. Conclusions: Between 2015 and 2021, TDR prevalence in Italy was 8% and remained almost stable over time. Resistant strains were found circulating regardless of being in TCs, but less likely in non-B subtypes. These results highlight the importance of a continuous surveillance of newly diagnosed individuals for evidence of TDR to inform clinical practice

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015-21

background: transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is still a critical aspect for the management of individuals living with HIV-1. thus, its evaluation is crucial to optimize HIV care. methods: overall, 2386 HIV-1 protease/reverse transcriptase and 1831 integrase sequences from drug-naïve individuals diagnosed in north and central Italy between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. TDR was evaluated over time. Phylogeny was generated by maximum likelihood. Factors associated with TDR were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: Individuals were mainly male (79.1%) and Italian (56.2%), with a median (IQR) age of 38 (30-48). Non-B infected individuals accounted for 44.6% (N = 1065) of the overall population and increased over time (2015-2021, from 42.1% to 51.0%, P = 0.002). TDR prevalence to any class was 8.0% (B subtype 9.5% versus non-B subtypes 6.1%, P = 0.002) and remained almost constant over time. overall, 300 transmission clusters (TCs) involving 1155 (48.4%) individuals were identified, with a similar proportion in B and non-infected individuals (49.7% versus 46.8%, P = 0.148). a similar prevalence of TDR among individuals in TCs and those out of TCs was found (8.2% versus 7.8%, P = 0.707).By multivariable analysis, subtypes A, F, and CFR02_AG were negatively associated with TDR. No other factors, including being part of TCs, were significantly associated with TDR. conclusions: between 2015 and 2021, TDR prevalence in Italy was 8% and remained almost stable over time. resistant strains were found circulating regardless of being in TCs, but less likely in non-B subtypes. these results highlight the importance of a continuous surveillance of newly diagnosed individuals for evidence of TDR to inform clinical practice

Acute rhabdomyolysis and delayed pericardial effusion in an Italian patient with Ebola virus disease : a case report

Background: During the 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic, some EVD patients, mostly health care workers, were evacuated to Europe and the USA. Case presentation: In May 2015, a 37-year old male nurse contracted Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone. After Ebola virus detection in plasma, he was medically-evacuated to Italy. At admission, rhabdomyolysis was clinically and laboratory-diagnosed and was treated with aggressive hydration, oral favipiravir and intravenous investigational monoclonal antibodies against Ebola virus. The recovery clinical phase was complicated by a febrile thrombocytopenic syndrome with pericardial effusion treated with corticosteroids for 10days and indomethacin for 2months. No evidence of recurrence is reported. Conclusions: A febrile thrombocytopenic syndrome with pericardial effusion during the recovery phase of EVD appears to be uncommon. Clinical improvement with corticosteroid treatment suggests that an immune-mediated mechanism contributed to the pericardial effusion