A Universal Nucleoside For Use At Ambiguous Sites In Dna Primers

A NON-DISCRIMINATORY base analogue, or universal base, would be an invaluable component of oligonucleotide probes and primers for solving the design problems that arise as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, or when only fragmentary peptide sequence data are available. We have designed an alternative to previous universal nucleoside candidates(1-9), a new analogue, 1-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole (designated M; Fig. 1), which maximizes stacking while minimizing hydrogen-bonding interactions without sterically disrupting a DNA duplex. Oligonucleotides containing M at several sites were used as primers for sequencing and the polymerase chain reaction. The sequencing primer d(5'-CGT AAM CAM AAM ACM AT-3') is as effective as the exact match d(5'-CGT AAT CAG AAA ACA AT-3'). It is also possible to sequence using a primer containing M at several contiguous positions, for example d(5'-CGT AAT MMM MMM MMM AT-3'). Melting curves show that duplexes formed on hybridization of the sequences d(5';CCT TTT TMT TTT TGG-3') and d(5'-CCA AAA AXA AAA AGG-3'), where X is A, C, G or T, melted at a lower temperature than the corresponding duplexes containing only d(A.T) and d(C.G) base pairs, but showing little variation among different X bases (T-m range 3 degrees C).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62640/1/369492a0.pd

The Non-Coding RNA Journal Club: Highlights on Recent Papers—12

We are delighted to share with you our twelfth Journal Club and highlight some of the most interesting papers published recently. We hope to keep you up-to-date with non-coding RNA research that extends beyond your study area. The Non-Coding RNA Scientific Board wishes you an exciting and fruitful read.</p

A report with consensus statements of the International Society of Nephrology 2004 Consensus Workshop on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, Hong Kong, June 29, 2004

This report summarizes the discussions of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) 2004 Consensus Workshop on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, which was held in Hong Kong on June 29, 2004. Three key areas were discussed during the workshop: (1) screening for chronic kidney disease; (2) evaluation and estimating progression of chronic kidney disease; and (3) measures to prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease. Fifteen consensus statements were made in these three areas, as endorsed by the participants of the workshop. The ISN can make use of and take reference to these statements in formulating its policy for tackling chronic kidney disease, a disease with significant global impact. © 2005 by the International Society of Nephrology.link_to_subscribed_fulltextThe International Society of Nephrology (ISN) 2004 Conference on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, Hong Kong, 29 June–1 July, 2004. In Kidney International, 2005, v. 67, suppl.. 94, p. S2-S

A report with consensus statements of the International Society of Nephrology 2004 Consensus Workshop on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, Hong Kong, June 29, 2004

This report summarizes the discussions of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) 2004 Consensus Workshop on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, which was held in Hong Kong on June 29, 2004. Three key areas were discussed during the workshop: (1) screening for chronic kidney disease; (2) evaluation and estimating progression of chronic kidney disease; and (3) measures to prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease. Fifteen consensus statements were made in these three areas, as endorsed by the participants of the workshop. The ISN can make use of and take reference to these statements in formulating its policy for tackling chronic kidney disease, a disease with significant global impact. © 2005 by the International Society of Nephrology.link_to_subscribed_fulltextThe International Society of Nephrology (ISN) 2004 Conference on Prevention of Progression of Renal Disease, Hong Kong, 29 June–1 July, 2004. In Kidney International, 2005, v. 67, suppl.. 94, p. S2-S

Salt Potentiates Methylamine Counteraction System to Offset the Deleterious Effects of Urea on Protein Stability and Function

Cellular methylamines are osmolytes (low molecular weight organic compounds) believed to offset the urea's harmful effects on the stability and function of proteins in mammalian kidney and marine invertebrates. Although urea and methylamines are found at 2:1 molar ratio in tissues, their opposing effects on protein structure and function have been questioned on several grounds including failure to counteraction or partial counteraction. Here we investigated the possible involvement of cellular salt, NaCl, in urea-methylamine counteraction on protein stability and function. We found that NaCl mediates methylamine counteracting system from no or partial counteraction to complete counteraction of urea's effect on protein stability and function. These conclusions were drawn from the systematic thermodynamic stability and functional activity measurements of lysozyme and RNase-A. Our results revealed that salts might be involved in protein interaction with charged osmolytes and hence in the urea-methylamine counteraction

Carbon-13 longitudinal relaxation time measurements and DFT-GIAO NMR computations for two ammonium ions of a tetraazamacrocyclic scorpiand system

Spin-lattice relaxation times, T1s, for 13C nuclei in two cations Hn1n+ (n = 1, 5)of N-(2-amino-ethyl)-cyclam (1, scorpiand) were determined by means of 13C{1H} NMR experiments in aqueous solution at pH 11.5 and 0.2. The theoretical study [modeling with OPLS-AA, B3LYP/6-31G(d) geometry optimizations, dispersion-corrected energies (DFT-D3), and DFT-GIAO predictions of the NMR chemical shifts (including an IEF-PCM simulation of hydration)] was also done for several conformers of the tautomer iso-H414+ not investigated before. The binding directions in protonated polyamino receptors necessary for efficient complexation of the nitrate anion(s) were briefly outlined, as well. All these results were discussed in terms of 'abnormal' 13C chemical shift changes found previously for the side-chain carbons of amine 1 in strongly acidic solution (HNO3). In conclusion, an earlier proposal of its association with NO3- at pH=1 was rejected. Instead, the participation of small amounts of a microspecies iso-H414+Dhydr under such conditions can be proposed.Publikacja w ramach programu Springer Open Choice/Open Access finansowanego przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego i realizowanego w ramach umowy na narodową licencję akademicką na czasopisma Springer w latach 2010-2013