Mechanisms of T cell organotropism

F.M.M.-B. is supported by the British Heart Foundation, the Medical Research Council of the UK and the Gates Foundation

Depression Following Fracture in Adults: A Comparative Study between Men and Women at a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Fractures are usually associated with functional impairment and dependence; also bears psychological effect as the quality of life decreases. Many studies have shown the presence of depression associated with the fracture and hence the study was done to know the same in our institution. Methods: Inclusion criteria: Adults aged more than 35 years of both sexes who had sustained fractures of long bones, hip and vertebral fractures who were admitted as inpatients earlier, and requiring prolonged rehabilitation. Exclusion criteria: Severely medically ill patients. The mood state was evaluated in patients with fractures after taking consent with Beck’s Depression inventory. Follow up of inpatient with fracture were done after their discharge. Results: This study shows that among patients with fractures, higher prevalence of moderate and severe depression is in females. Post-menopausal women are most severely affected. Conclusion: Postmenopausal females suffer more from depression associated with fractures than males

Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Devices – Benefits and Challenges

With advancements being accelerated in fields of Machine learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and the Internet of Medical Devices (IoMD), Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly evolved over the last decade. This transformation has opened doors for new possibilities of fostering AI in Medical Devices (AIMD) for applications that have not been explored before. With the current advancements in the computational capabilities, there has been a wide range of Medical Devices released in the global market, which are either supported by or driven by software to deliver its intended purpose. But with the advent of AI, software though built upon a string of codes has no restriction on the choices that it could make, since its essence lies on the deducing a decision based on a predictive analysis. This has called for rethinking our conventional approach towards the usage of Software in Medical Devices. Coupling with the rapid growth rate of these devices and their focus on delivering impeccable assistance to the facilitators who were doing things all by themselves previously, it also calls for a proper set of guidelines to regulate the usage of AIMD, considering its massive scalability and the gargantuan amounts of data that it brings along with it. This paper focuses on extrapolating the growth factors of AIMD along with the prerequisites that ought to be met by the organizations to prepare themselves for transforming and adopting this new technology. It also covers the aspects that are to be emphasized in regulating it in the forthcoming years.</jats:p

Laboratory and Imaging Profile of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Record Based Retrospective Study

Introduction: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an uncommonly diagnosed symptomatic disease that occurs in India. Unlike the Western countries where the disease is asymptomatic, the various manifestations that occur are skeletal, muscular, and renal. Studies on PHPT from developing countries like India, have shown that symptomatic PHPT is still common as compared to developed countries. Data on PHPT from Kerala (a state with health indices comparable to the Western world) are lacking. Aim: To compare the preoperative and postoperative calcium and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels among the participants. Materials and Methods: A record-based retrospective study was conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, in the Department of Endocrinology. All 116 patients who had PHPT from January 2013 to December 2019 were included in the study. The data available in the hospital records were analysed for various laboratory values and imaging diagnoses. The preoperative and postoperative calcium and PTH levels were compared. Data were analysed by paired sample t-test. (Wilcoxon sign-rank test). The data analysis was done using coGuide. Results: The mean age was 53.42±14.89 years in the study population. Among 116 subjects, (46 (39.66%) were males and 70 (60.34%) were females) eighty-three (71.55%) had the symptomatic disease. The majority, 80 (68.97%) participants underwent single parathyroidectomy. The difference between pre-operative and post-operative calcium and PTH was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: PHPT largely occurs in the fifth decade of life, and the majority were symptomatic. Females were more affected compared to males in the present study. Preoperative imaging is recommended in routine practice