Nuclear actin and myosins in adenovirus infection

Adenovirus serotypes have been shown to cause drastic changes in nuclear organization, including the transcription machinery, during infection. This ability of adenovirus to subvert transcription in the host cell facilitates viral replication. Because nuclear actin and nuclear myosin I, myosin V and myosin VI have been implicated as direct regulators of transcription and important factors in the replication of other viruses, we sought to determine how nuclear actin and myosins are involved in adenovirus infection. We first confirmed reorganization of the host's transcription machinery to viral replication centers. We found that nuclear actin also reorganizes to sites of transcription through the intermediate but not the advanced late phase of viral infection. Furthermore, nuclear myosin I localized with nuclear actin and sites of transcription in viral replication centers. Intriguingly, nuclear myosins V and VI, which also reorganized to viral replication centers, exhibited different localization patterns, suggesting specialized roles for these nuclear myosins. Finally, we assessed the role of actin in adenovirus infection and found both cytoplasmic and nuclear actin likely play roles in adenovirus infection and replication. Together our data suggest the involvement of actin and multiple myosins in the nuclear replication and late viral gene expression of adenovirus.Fil: Fuchsova, Beata. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; Argentina. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Serebryannyy, Leonid A.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: De Lanerolle, Primal. University of Illinois; Estados Unido

The Feasibility of Dynamically Granted Permissions: Aligning Mobile Privacy with User Preferences

Current smartphone operating systems regulate application permissions by prompting users on an ask-on-first-use basis. Prior research has shown that this method is ineffective because it fails to account for context: the circumstances under which an application first requests access to data may be vastly different than the circumstances under which it subsequently requests access. We performed a longitudinal 131-person field study to analyze the contextuality behind user privacy decisions to regulate access to sensitive resources. We built a classifier to make privacy decisions on the user's behalf by detecting when context has changed and, when necessary, inferring privacy preferences based on the user's past decisions and behavior. Our goal is to automatically grant appropriate resource requests without further user intervention, deny inappropriate requests, and only prompt the user when the system is uncertain of the user's preferences. We show that our approach can accurately predict users' privacy decisions 96.8% of the time, which is a four-fold reduction in error rate compared to current systems.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Android Permissions Remystified: A Field Study on Contextual Integrity

Due to the amount of data that smartphone applications can potentially access, platforms enforce permission systems that allow users to regulate how applications access protected resources. If users are asked to make security decisions too frequently and in benign situations, they may become habituated and approve all future requests without regard for the consequences. If they are asked to make too few security decisions, they may become concerned that the platform is revealing too much sensitive information. To explore this tradeoff, we instrumented the Android platform to collect data regarding how often and under what circumstances smartphone applications are accessing protected resources regulated by permissions. We performed a 36-person field study to explore the notion of "contextual integrity," that is, how often are applications accessing protected resources when users are not expecting it? Based on our collection of 27 million data points and exit interviews with participants, we examine the situations in which users would like the ability to deny applications access to protected resources. We found out that at least 80% of our participants would have preferred to prevent at least one permission request, and overall, they thought that over a third of requests were invasive and desired a mechanism to block them

Combining semi-automated image analysis techniques with machine learning algorithms to accelerate large scale genetic studies

Background: Genetic analyses of plant root system development require large datasets of extracted architectural traits. To quantify such traits from images of root systems, researchers often have to choose between automated tools (that are prone to error and extract only a limited number of architectural traits) or semi-automated ones (that are highly time consuming). Findings: We trained a Random Forest algorithm to infer architectural traits from automatically-extracted image descriptors. The training was performed on a subset of the dataset, then applied to its entirety. This strategy allowed us to (i) decrease the image analysis time by 73% and (ii) extract meaningful architectural traits based on image descriptors. We also show that these traits are sufficient to identify Quantitative Trait Loci that had previously been discovered using a semi-automated method. Conclusions: We have shown that combining semi-automated image analysis with machine learning algorithms has the power to increase the throughput in large scale root studies. We expect that such an approach will enable the quantification of more complex root systems for genetic studies. We also believe that our approach could be extended to other area of plant phenotyping

The effect of Kawa Daun (Coffea canephora) decoction on blood glucose levels and pancreatic β-cells regeneration in rats with diabetes

Giving coffee leaves Kawa Daun (Coffea canephora), which contains flavonoids and chlorophyll, which are antioxidants, is one of the therapies that may be used to treat diabetes mellitus, which is expected to affect 783 million people worldwide by 2045. This study, therefore, aims to demonstrate Kawa Daun decoction’s potency in lowering blood glucose levels and restoring pancreatic β-cells in rats with diabetes mellitus. Wistar rats (2-3 months, 200 g, n = 28) were used in this true experimental study, which applied a pre-post-control group design. Regular feeding + no intervention was for the group (K-); Kawa Daun was not provided to (K+) DM (alloxan) rats + regular feeding; (P1) DM rats (alloxan) received 3.6 ml/200 g BW/day of Kawa Daun decoction along with regular feeding; Kawa Daun decoction 7.2 ml/200 g body weight/day in addition to regular feeding was given to (P2) DM rats (alloxan). For 14 days, the intervention was given orally. A spectrophotometer was utilized to detect blood glucose levels, and histological analysis using H&E staining was employed to determine the state of the pancreatic β-cells. In comparison to the (K+) group, the intervention group significantly decreased blood glucose levels (p = 0.001), according to the findings. The P2 group's reduction in blood sugar levels (∆ = 139.33 mg/dl 38.45) was more significant than that of the P1 group (∆ = 109.17 mg/dl 35.32). Compared to the (K+) (27.1% damage) group, the intervention group's pancreatic β-cells revealed improvement according to the histopathological examination results. The group's (P2 = 14.9%) damage area was less than the group's (P1 = 22.4%). This study emphasizes how administering Kawa Daun decoction can improve blood glucose levels and reconstruct the pancreatic β-cells damage and its protection. Finally, this kind of leaf could be a substitute compound for diabetic herbal therapy

SUMOylation of nuclear actin

Actin, a major component of the cytoplasm, is also abundant in the nucleus. Nuclear actin is involved in a variety of nuclear processes including transcription, chromatin remodeling, and intranuclear transport. Nevertheless, the regulation of nuclear actin by posttranslational modifications has not been investigated. We now show that nuclear actin is modified by SUMO2 and SUMO3 and that computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified K68 and K284 as critical sites for SUMOylating actin. We also present a model for the actin–SUMO complex and show that SUMOylation is required for the nuclear localization of actin

HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN PERAWATAN DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PASIEN POST OPERASI MAYOR

Tindakan operasi mayor merupakan pengalaman yang sulit hampir bagi semua pasien karena berhubungan dengan adanya insisi yang luas. Pasien post operasi mayor akan mengalami terganggunya kualitas tidur karena berbagai factor dimana salah satunya adalah kenyamanan lingkungan ruangan perawatan seperti pencahayaan, suhu ruangan, kebisingan. Kurang tidur memiliki dampak serius termasuk penurunan toleransi rasa sakit, peningkatan imunosupresi, lambatnya pemulihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan perawatan dengan kualitas tidur pasien post operasi mayor di Ruangan Rawat Inap Bedah RSUD Sungai Dareh Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 110 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling pada pasien post operasi di Ruangan Bedah RSUD Sungai Dareh. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 52 orang. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara komputerisasi menggunakan program spss dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat, uji statistik yang dipakai adalah chi-square. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil yaitu keluhan lingkungan perawatan yang tidak nyaman sebanyak (53,8%), lebih dari separoh responden mengalami kualitas tidur yang buruk sebanyak (75%) dan hasil analisis uji chi square didapatkan nilai p value 0,00. Berdasarkan hal tersebut disimpulkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara lingkungan perawatan dengan kualitas tidur pasien post operasi mayor di Ruangan Rawat Inap Bedah RSUD Sungai Dareh Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Oleh karena itu diharapkan rumah sakit melengkapi sarana dan prasarana serta pelayanan asuhan keperawatan sehingga pasien dapat merasakan kenyamanan selama dirawat dan kualitas tidur pasien dapat menunjukan hasil yang baik