Values’ family flow: associations between grandparents, parents and adolescent children

The present study analyzed cross-generational trends in values and family patterns of value association across three generations (grandparents, parents and children). In this study, 101 family triads with adolescent children (N = 303) completed questionnaires assessing personal values. Grandparents’ values (Generation 1) were measured through parents’ perceptions of their own parents. In general, parents prioritize collectivist values, and there is an increased focus on individualist values across generations. Fathers’ individualist values mediate the relationship between their perceptions of grandfathers’ individualist values and grandchildren’s individualist values. There is no family association of collectivist values. The article outlines the implications of the increasing adherence to individualism and hypothesizes that the adherence of individualist values across families with adolescent children is a pathway to maintenance of family cohesion and cooperation. The role of fathers and the paternal lineage on adolescents’ acquisition of values are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia [grant number SFRH/BD/62182/200

Adolescent parents’ values: the role played by retrospective perceptions of the family-of-origin

Family-of-origin is an important system in individual’s lives, and its influence is extensive over the life cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a sample of adolescents’ parents, whether their retrospective perceptions of parenting and relationship qualities within their families-of-origin during adolescence predicted their current collectivist and individualist values. Participants included 110 Portuguese adults with a mean age of 46.86 years old. The results of structural equation modeling supported that retrospective perceptions of parenting and relationship qualities in the family-of-origin predicted the adults’ collectivist values but not their individualist values. This study highlights the importance of retrospective perceptions of supporting and non-rejecting parenting for value acquisition. The results also suggest that values that preserve and protect family connections and collaborations are more likely to be socialized by families. Implications for practice and for the theories on parenting, values, family-of-origin influences and family intergenerational transmission are discussed.This work was supported by the Ph.D. grant of the first author (SFRH/BD/62182/2009), financed by Technology and Science Foundation (FCT)

Family relationship and parenting practices: a pathway to adolesents’ collectivist and individualist values?

Adolescents’ perceptions of parenting and family relationships are important variables for identifying mechanisms involved in how children acquire values and how these values are transmitted through families. In a sample of 515 adolescents, we investigated whether perceptions of the quality of parental practices would predict adolescents’ collectivist and individualist values. We hypothesized that perceived quality of family relations would mediate the relationship between the quality of parental practices and collectivist values but not of individualist values. The results of structural equation modeling suggested that perception of the quality of parental practices predicted adolescents’ both collectivist and individualist values. The predicted mediation effect was found for collectivist values, but not for individualist values. The results point to different functions of parenting and family relations on value acquisition. Implications for practice, such as the development and implementation of interventions to improve the formation of adolescents’ values by enhancing the quality of parenting and family relationships are discussed.Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Ph.D. Grant of the first author (SFRH/BD/62182/2009), financed by Technology and Science Foundation (FCT)

As características dos alunos são determinantes para o adoecimento de professores: um estudo comparativo sobre a incidência de Burnout em professores do ensino regular e especial The student characteristics affect teachers' illnesses: a comparative study on the incidence of Burnout in regular and special education teachers

O exercício da docência é permeado por condições de trabalho adversas, baixos salários, insuficiência de recursos materiais e didáticos, salas numerosas, tensão no relacionamento com os alunos, carga horária de trabalho excessiva, inexpressiva participação no planejamento da instituição e nas políticas institucionais e falta de segurança no ambiente escolar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar a presença de indicadores de burnout em três grupos de professores que atuam no primeiro ciclo do Ensino Fundamental: a) 20 no ensino regular, em turmas sem a inserção de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais - RSI; b) 20 no ensino regular, em turmas com a inserção de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais - RCI; c) 20 em salas de recursos - SR. Para a coleta, foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory -MBI. Na análise de dados, empregou-se o SPSS, versão 13.0, e o Teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparação dos grupos. Os resultados, que foram organizados em forma de Figuras e Tabelas, revelam que, de maneira geral, os grupos apresentaram relativa similaridade. Entretanto, algumas diferenças foram encontradas. O grupo de professores SR obteve os melhores resultados na avaliação das três escalas do burnout, quando comparado com RSI e RCI, ou seja, com predominância de respostas nos níveis mais baixos de exaustão emocional, altos na diminuição da realização pessoal e baixos para despersonalização. Espera-se que os dados expostos contribuam para a compreensão do burnout em professores do ensino regular com e sem inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, e/ou suscitem novos encaminhamentos de pesquisas.<br>The practice of teaching is permeated by adverse working conditions, low wages, inadequacy of material and teaching resources, overcrowded classrooms, tension in relationships with the students, excessive work load, lack of safety in the school environment, insignificant participation in institutional planning and in institutional politics. The objective of the present study was to compare burnout among three groups of teachers who work in elementary grades: a) 20 teachers who teach in regular school classrooms without the inclusion of students with special educational needs - RSI Group; b) 20 teachers who teach in the regular classroom with special needs students - RCI Group; c) 20 teachers who teach in resource classrooms (SR Group). The instruments used for data collection were the Maslach Burnout Inventory -MBI. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 13.0 and Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of the three groups. The results were organized in the form of figures and tables. In general, the results demonstrated that the groups presented relative similarity. The teachers from the SR Group obtained the best results in the evaluation of the three burnout scales when compared to the RSI Group and RCI Group, that is, there was a prevalence of answers in the lower levels of emotional exhaustion, high level of low personal accomplishment and low level for depersonalization. It is hoped that these results contribute to a better understanding of burnout in teachers from regular classrooms with or without students with educational special needs and/or to indicate new directions for investigation

O Trabalho do Professor, Indicadores de Burnout, Práticas Educativas e Comportamento dos Alunos: Correlação e Predição

RESUMOA ocorrência do burnoutem professores pode afetar também suas práticas educativas, seu repertório de habilidades sociais e o comportamento de alunos. Na literatura tais variáveis são abordadas de forma independente, o que dificulta sua compreensão. Este estudo teve como objetivos correlacionar e predizer as variáveis: condições de trabalho do professor, indicadores deburnout, práticas educativas do professor e o repertório de habilidades sociais e de problemas de comportamento dos alunos. Participaram 94 professores do ensino regular de um curso de aperfeiçoamento (EAD), com turmas com a inserção de alunos com deficiência e/ou salas de recursos multifuncionais. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: 1) Questionário sobre a percepção dos professores sobre o trabalho docente, 2) Maslach Burnout Inventory -MBI, 3) Questionário de Habilidades Sociais Educativas para Professores e 4) Inventário de Comportamentos Pró-sociais. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão), correlação (TesteSpearman) e análises de regressão lineares. Os resultados indicaram que as práticas negativas influenciam o nível deburnout dos professores, o qual, por sua vez, é influenciado pelas condições de trabalho, interferindo na saúde emocional do professor. Conclui-se para a importância de múltiplas medidas para avaliar trabalho e saúde do professor, bem como da necessidade de intervenções que favoreçam melhores condições de trabalho e práticas educativas

Escherichia coli in animals

Escherichia coli is the most widely studied bacterium over the world. It is well known that E. coli is the predominant non-pathogenic microbiota of warm blood species; however, some strains have developed the ability to cause severe diseases. Taking into account the diversity in American countries, this chapter examines the complex situation of puzzling intestinal pathogenic E. coli, also called diarrheagenic, (enteropathogenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, diffusely adherent E. coli), and extra-intestinal E. coli (uropathogenic E. coli, neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli, avian pathogenic E. coli, sepsis-associated E. coli, mammary pathogenic E. coli, endometrial pathogenic E. coli, and necrotoxigenic E. coli) in animals. In addition to E. coli associated animal diseases, the role of carriers and reservoirs are presented, including the last regional references from synanthropic and wild animals. Findings of the last 5 years are discussed and data of the eco-epidemiology of E. coli is also included. Considering the concept of One Health, that recognizes that health of humans is connected to health of animals and the environment, the strategies to diminish illness in human population cannot exclude control and vigilance of pathogenic strains in animals. However, in E. coli control, strategies distinguish between those strains that produce animal illness and those that affect humans and have an animal reservoir. The different proposed ways to E. coli control are also discussed.Fil: Etcheverría, Analía Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Lucchesi, Paula Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Krüger, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Bentancor, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Padola, Nora Lía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin