Διερεύνηση των περιβαλλοντικών συνθηκών και της θερμικής άνεσης σε κελύφη αξιόλογων κτηρίων της περιόδου του Μεσοπολέμου (1930-1940)

Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Επιστήμη και Τεχνολογία Υλικών

The frequency of pharmacological pain relief in university neonatal intensive care units

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of drugs to relieve the pain of invasive procedures newborn infants cared for at a university hospital NICU. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of all newborn infants hospitalized in four NICU during October 2001. The following data were collected: demographic data of the hospitalized newborn infants; clinical morbidity; number of potentially painful procedures and frequency of analgesic administration. Factors associated with the use of analgesia in this cohort of patients were studied by multiple linear regression using SPSS 8.0. RESULTS: Ninety-one newborn infants were admitted to the NICU during the study period (1,025 patient-days). Only 25% of the 1,025 patient-days received systemic analgesia. No specific drugs were administered to relieve acute pain during any of the following painful events: arterial punctures, venous, capillary and lumbar punctures or intubations. For chest tube insertion, 100% of newborn infants received specific analgesia. For the insertion of central catheters 8% of the newborn infants received painkillers. Only nine of the 17 newborn infants that underwent surgical procedures received any analgesic dosage during the postoperative period. For 93% of patients under analgesia the drug of choice was fentanyl. The presence of mechanical ventilation increased the chance of newborn infants receiving painkillers by 6.9 times and the presence of chest tube increased this chance by five times. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to train health professionals in order to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge regarding newborn infant pain and clinical practice.OBJETIVO: Verificar a freqüência com que são empregados analgésicos para o alívio da dor desencadeada por procedimentos invasivos em recém-nascidos internados em UTI universitárias e verificar o perfil de uso de medicamentos para o alívio da dor. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva, avaliada entre 1° e 31 de outubro de 2001, de todos os recém-nascidos internados em quatro UTI. Dados coletados: características gerais das unidades; dados demográficos dos recém-nascidos; morbidade clínica e freqüência do emprego de analgésicos. Realizaram-se a análise estatística descritiva e a regressão linear múltipla por meio do SPSS 8.0, para analisar os fatores associados ao uso de analgésicos nesta coorte. RESULTADOS: No período, foram internados 91 recém-nascidos (1.025 pacientes-dia). Apenas 25% dos 1.025 pacientes-dia receberam alguma dose de analgésico por via sistêmica. Não foi administrada nenhuma medicação específica para o alívio da dor aguda durante os seguintes eventos dolorosos: intubações traqueais, punções arteriais, venosas, capilares e lombares. Na inserção de dreno de tórax, 100% dos recém-nascidos receberam analgesia específica e, para a passagem de cateteres centrais, apenas 8%. De 17 recém-nascidos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos, somente nove receberam analgésicos no pós-operatório. O medicamento mais utilizado foi o fentanil (93%). A presença de ventilação mecânica elevou em 6,9 vezes, e a de dreno de tórax em cinco vezes a chance do recém-nascido receber alguma dose de analgésico. CONCLUSÃO: Há necessidade de melhorar a formação dos profissionais de saúde para diminuir a distância entre os conhecimentos científicos existentes a respeito da dor no recém-nascido e a prática clínica.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Disciplina Pediatria NeonatalUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de PediatriaUNICAMP Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da MulherUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina Pediatria NeonatalSciEL

Chapter 2 Psychological factors linked to youth civic and political engagement

What exactly is civic and political participation? What factors influence young people’s participation? How can we encourage youth to participate actively in their own democracies? Youth Civic and Political Engagement takes a multidisciplinary approach to answering these key questions, incorporating research in the fields of psychology, sociology, political science and education to explore the issues affecting youth civic and political engagement. Drawing on evidence that has been obtained in many different national contexts, and through multinational studies, this book provides a theoretical synthesis of this large and diverse body of research, using an integrative multi-level ecological model of youth engagement to do so. It identifies unresolved issues in the field and offers numerous suggestions for future research. Youth Civic and Political Engagement is an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, youth workers, civil society activists, policymakers and politicians who wish to acquire an up-to-date understanding of the factors and processes that influence young people’s civic and political engagement, and how to promote youth engagement

BRASILEIROS NO EXTERIOR: VIDA DIFICULDADES E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Desde 2020 a pandemia de Covid-19 acomete o mundo e  afeta diretamente a mobilidade humana. Migrantes e refugiados ficaram impossibilitados de atravessar fronteiras, acessar os sistemas de saúde e os benefícios sociais, muitos perderam seus empregos e suas fontes de renda e, a vulnerabilidade de vida desses grupos se aprofundou. Com cerca de quatro milhões de brasileiros vivendo no exterior, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a pandemia afetou a vida desses emigrantes nos últimos anos. Metodologicamente esta análise se ampara em 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com brasileiros de abril/2021 a maio/2022 para o projeto de podcast intitulado “Brasileiros no exterior: vida, dificuldades e a pandemia de COVID-19”  que pretendeu dar voz e escuta aos brasileiros que estão longe do país e aproximá-los do enfrentamento da crise sanitária nacional que vitimou mais de 600 mil pessoas. Palavras-chave: emigrantes brasileiros; projeto migratório; pandemia

On-call communication in intensive care areas in the nursing staff

Background: The on-call process is considered an essential component for continuity of care, since it allows optimizing resources, prioritizing activities and guaranteeing comprehensive care.Aim: To describe the perception of the quality of information communication during the on-call process in intensive care areas.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. All intensive care area personnel were invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The sample finally consisted of 56 nursing professionals.Results: 76.8% were female. Less than three quarters of the respondents received training or induction on on-call duty, although more than 90 % of the respondents reported that training in this area is important. 71.4% report more than three interruptions during the pass and 55.4% say that communication was effective. About 30 % of the sample faced family conflicts.Conclusions: From the nursing staff's perspective, the quality of on-call communication was characterized by shortcomings in terms of the environment, protocolization of the on-call pass, environmental conditions and the relationship with family members

A imigração haitiana e as mudanças no espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo

This article addresses the changes that occurred in the urban space of São Paulo’s city motivated by the recent Haitian immigration. According to data from the Federal Police, covering the period between 2010 and 2017, 15.773 Haitians declared residence in the city of São Paulo. From the theoretical formulations developed by Sassen (1993) on global cities, the globality of the São Paulo’s city is analyzed in the context of the Brazilian reality and the periphery of capitalism where the insertion of these immigrants in the urban space occurs, according Alain Tarrius (2002), through a “globalization from below” that reveals the precariousness of life that manifests itself as a result of the low wages and the overexploitation of this workforce. To compose this analysis, records and research data from OBMigra, the Federal Police and the “Missão Paz” in São Paulo were used. Field research was also carried out based on observation, document analysis and interviews with Haitian immigrants.Este artículo analiza los cambios que ocurrieron en el espacio urbano de la ciudad de São Paulo motivados por la reciente inmigración haitiana. Según datos de la Policía Federal, que abarcan el período comprendido entre 2010 y 2017, 15.773 haitianos declararon su residencia en la ciudad de São Paulo. A partir de las formulaciones teóricas desarrolladas por Sassen (1993) sobre las ciudades, la globalidad de la ciudad de São Paulo se analiza en el contexto de la realidad brasileña y de la periferia del capitalismo donde la inserción de estos inmigrantes en el espacio urbano ocurre, según Alain Tarrius (2002), a través de una “globalización desde abajo” que revela la precariedad de la vida que se manifiesta como resultado de los bajos salarios y la sobreexplotación de esta fuerza laboral. Para componer este análisis, se utilizaron registros y datos de investigación de OBMigra, la Policía Federal y el Eje de Trabajo de la “Missão Paz”, en São Paulo. La investigación de campo también se realizó en base a observaciones, análisis de documentos y entrevistas con inmigrantes haitianos.Este artigo aborda as mudanças ocorridas no espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo motivadas pela recente imigração haitiana. De acordo com dados da Polícia Federal, que cobrem o período entre 2010 e 2017, 15.773 haitianos declararam residência na cidade de São Paulo. A partir das formulações teóricas desenvolvidas por Sassen (1993) sobre cidades globais, analisa-se a globalidade da cidade de São Paulo no contexto da realidade brasileira e da periferia do capitalismo onde a inserção desses imigrantes no espaço urbano ocorre, segundo Alain Tarrius (2002), por meio de uma “globalização por baixo” que revela a precariedade da vida que se manifesta como resultado dos baixos salários e da superexploração dessa força de trabalho. Para compor esta análise, foram utilizados registros e dados de pesquisa do OBMigra, da Polícia Federal e do Eixo Trabalho da Missão Paz, em São Paulo. Também foram realizadas pesquisa de campo com base na observação, análise documental e entrevistas com imigrantes haitianos

Psychiatric Morbidity and Other Factors Affecting Treatment Adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

As the overall prevalence of TB remains high among certain population groups, there is growing awareness of psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and its role in the outcome of the disease. The paper attempts a holistic approach to the effects of psychiatric comorbidity to the natural history of tuberculosis. In order to investigate factors associated with medication nonadherence among patients suffering from tuberculosis, with emphasis on psychopathology as a major barrier to treatment adherence, we performed a systematic review of the literature on epidemiological data and past medical reviews from an historical perspective, followed by theoretical considerations upon the relationship between psychiatric disorders and tuberculosis. Studies reporting high prevalence rates of psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression, as well as specific psychological reactions and disease perceptions and reviews indicating psychiatric complications as adverse effects of anti-TB medication were included. In sum, data concerning factors affecting medication nonadherence among TB patients suggested that better management of comorbid conditions, especially depression, could improve the adherence rates, serving as a framework for the effective control of tuberculosis, but further studies are necessary to identify the optimal way to address such issues among these patients