Observations on broodstock maintenance, breeding and early larval development of the common spider conch Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) in captivity

Spider conches are common in shallow waters of the Indian coast. Of the eleven species reported from Indian waters, six species of the genus Lambis are categorised under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Studies on the breeding of Lambis spp. are limited Considering its importance, an attempt was made to breed the common spider conch Lambis lambis, under controlled conditions. The brooders ranged from 152-184 mm/80-400 g in size/weight. They were maintained on macroalgal diet under static as well as airlift recirculation system. The conch shells, after 4 months of maintenance, exhibited mating behaviour and laid eggs under captivity during October-December 2010. The morphology and development of the embryo within the egg filaments, hatching, embryonic and early larval development up to 35 days post-hatch (dph) is detailed and compared with the similar observation made at Majuro atoll, Marshall Islands

Regional variation in suicide rates in Sri Lanka between 1955 and 2011:a spatial and temporal analysis

Abstract Background Between 1955 and 2011 there were marked fluctuations in suicide rates in Sri Lanka; incidence increased six-fold between 1955 and the 1980s, and halved in the early 21st century. Changes in access to highly toxic pesticides are thought to have influenced this pattern. This study investigates variation in suicide rates across Sri Lanka’s 25 districts between 1955 and 2011. We hypothesised that changes in the incidence of suicide would be most marked in rural areas due to the variation in availability of highly toxic pesticides in these locations during this time period. Methods We mapped district-level suicide rates in 1955, 1972, 1980 and 2011. These periods preceded, included and postdated the rapid rise in Sri Lanka’s suicide rates. We investigated the associations between district-level variations in suicide rates and census-derived measures of rurality (population density), unemployment, migration and ethnicity using Spearman’s rank correlation and negative binomial models. Results The rise and fall in suicide rates was concentrated in more rural areas. In 1980, when suicide rates were at their highest, population density was inversely associated with area variation in suicide rates (r = −0.65; p < 0.001), i.e. incidence was highest in rural areas. In contrast the association was weakest in 1950, prior to the rise in pesticide suicides (r = −0.10; p = 0.697). There was no strong evidence that levels of migration or ethnicity were associated with area variations in suicide rates. The relative rates of suicide in the most rural compared to the most urban districts before (1955), during (1980) and after (2011) the rise in highly toxic pesticide availability were 1.1 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.4), 3.7 (2.0 to 6.9) and 2.1 (1.6 to 2.7) respectively. Conclusions The findings provide some support for the hypothesis that changes in access to pesticides contributed to the marked fluctuations in Sri Lanka’s suicide rate, but the impact of other factors cannot be ruled out

Supercapattery based on binder-free Co3 (PO4)2·8H2O multilayer nano/microflakes on nickel foam

A binder-free cobalt phosphate hydrate (Co3(PO4)2·8H2O) multilayer nano/microflake structure is synthesized on nickel foam (NF) via a facile hydrothermal process. Four different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM) of Co2+ and PO4–3 were used to obtain different mass loading of cobalt phosphate on the nickel foam. The Co3(PO4)2·8H2O modified NF electrode (2.5 mM) shows a maximum specific capacity of 868.3 C g–1 (capacitance of 1578.7 F g–1) at a current density of 5 mA cm–2 and remains as high as 566.3 C g–1 (1029.5 F g–1) at 50 mA cm–2 in 1 M NaOH. A supercapattery assembled using Co3(PO4)2·8H2O/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon/NF as the negative electrode delivers a gravimetric capacitance of 111.2 F g–1 (volumetric capacitance of 4.44 F cm–3). Furthermore, the device offers a high specific energy of 29.29 Wh kg–1 (energy density of 1.17 mWh cm–3) and a specific power of 4687 W kg–1 (power density of 187.5 mW cm–3)

टूटीकोरिन जिले की मोलस्कन संपदाएं

टूटीकोरिन जिले की मोलस्कन संपदाए

Landings of juvenile Uroteuthis (Photololigo) singhalensis in Tuticorin Fishing Harbour

In Tuticorin Fishing Harbour about 200 trawlers operate daily from 5 am to 11 pm for single day fishing. Wooden and steel trawlers in three sizes, namely small boats (OAL 35-40 feet), medium boats (OAL 40-50 feet) and large boats (OAL up to 80 feet) operate from this harbour

Pseudocapacitance of α-CoMoO4 nanoflakes in non-aqueous electrolyte and its bi-functional electro catalytic activity for methanol oxidation

Nanocrystalline cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) nanoflakes were grown directly on carbon fibre cloth (CFC) via a simple hydrothermal method without any template or surfactant. A symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using CoMoO4 nanoflakes/CFC as both negative and positive electrodes. The device has delivered the maximum specific capacitance of 8.3 F g−1 at a constant current density of 1 A g−1 in organic electrolyte. It offers the reasonable energy (2.6 Wh kg−1) and power density (748.8 W kg−1) as comparable to the carbon based symmetric supercapacitors. As a catalyst for methanol oxidation, the CoMoO4 nanoflakes showed high current density (25 mA cm−2) and low onset potential (0.38 V). The impressive bi-functional electrochemical activity of CoMoO4 on CFC is mainly attributed to its porous microstructure, where reasonable electrical conductivity resulted from binder-free and intimate metal oxide/substrate integration

तूत्तुक्कुडी, कारपाड खाडी में मछ्ली के विभिन्न डिंभकों का स्थिर जालीदार पिंजरों में पालन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Restoration and natural revival of clam populations at Tuticorin Bay, Tamil Nadu after a mass mortality incident

Bivalves play key role in ecosystem stabilisation due to inherent filter feeding capability and clams are important components of soft bottom benthic communities. In the Tuticorin Bay, mass mortality of fishes and shellfishes was observed in Februay 2008. The probable cause for the large scale mortality has been indicated as increased levels of ammonia (Asha et al., 2009). A rapid survey was conducted in the bay to assess the impact on the bivalve fauna

Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles on employee engagement at lntel Malaysia. This study examines the predictive ability to gauge the ability of leadership styles to positively predict aspects of employee engagement. However, it would also want to predict if it's transformational or transactional leadership as the more effective style as it will have more predictive power. This study is critical to lntel Malaysia as we would like future steps to be taken to ensure that appropriate future action will be taken to ensure that employees are kept engaged at a high level. Hence, two research questions were developed to achieve the objective of this study. Quantitative study using a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for the hypothesis testing. The population for this study was the exempt level of the FES Organization at lntel Penang. A hardcopy questionnaire was distributed to the sample of employees in various FES Organizations after the face validity was conducted. The analysis found that both transformational and transactional leadership positively portrayed employee engagement, where transactional show more effect on employee engagement as compared to transformational leadership. Implications, limitations and future directions for leadership research were discussed