Gender differences in financial well-being among college students

Financial satisfaction and its impact on the quality of life have received considerable attention in recent decades. A large number of studies have attempted to identify the dimensions of financial well-being and financial behavior among various groups in relation to the development of personal financial well-being. The majority of studies on personal financial satisfaction and financial behavior among adolescents reveal notable sex differences. There is evidence that men and women's perceptions differ and that they are not necessarily only influenced by economic factors, but also by social and psychological issues. To identify gender differences in financial well-being, this study focuses on the perceived financial well-being of Malaysian college students. This study was carried out under (IRPA) funding. Data were collected from students in public and private Malaysian universities. The multi stage stratified random sampling technique was used. A total of 11 universities were randomly selected for the study and 350 questionnaires were distributed to students through the student affairs section of the respective university. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Financial well-being was measured by a six-item scale. The students were asked to rate those six items on a scale of one (not satisfied at all) to nine (very satisfied). The items statements include the amount of saving, financial situation, ability to purchase, saving for emergency expenses, skill to manage money, and ability to spend. The results revealed that there were significant gender differences among Malaysian college students concerning financial matters. The results indicate that Malaysian female students have a significantly higher level of financial satisfaction compared to male students. Female students have a lower level of financial knowledge and late age financial socialization compared to male students. The results showed that primary socialization agents were the strongest predictor of financial well-being among male students while financial problems were the strongest predictor among female students. Mediation analysis confirmed the mediation effect of financial problems in the association between predictors and financial well-being

Measurement of family economic status

The concept of family economic has become important around the world. It has been realized that communities based family economic can play a fundamental role in poverty alleviation. Measuring of family economic status is an important step in developing family economic strategies to achieve poverty reduction. This paper used qualitative approaches to illustrated family economic status. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept and indictors of family economic. The literature derived from my study in family economic management

Avaliação da necessidade de transfusão em pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta por sangramento gastrointestinal superior.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 199

A theoretical study of family resource management

Family resource management has a fundamental role in helping meet and alter the increasing complexities faced by the families. In this way, this article attempts to describe the theories of family economic management. To solve the economic problems we need to improve the economic status of families who fail to manage their budget, which results in high debt levels and a lack of personal savings. The implication of this study arises from the fact that there has been little research carried out on the family economic status. Theoretically, the findings of this study enrich the knowledge concerning family economic and management functions

A significação da pobreza a partir dos sujeitos que a vivenciam

This thesis is aimed to produce knowledge and to allow the professionals of the social field to understand and recognize the meaning of poverty, from the subject's point of view, in order to contribute to widening and qualifying the possibilities of social inclusion supported by existing public programs. As for its objective, the qualitative type of research was chosen for it is believed to be the most appropriate once it allows the phenomena to be understood in their on context and, at the same time, it is possible to go deeper in their complexities since the perspectives of the involved subjects are considered directly inside the studied reality. Accordingly, priority was given to the semi-structured interview. In order to get access to the subjects of this research, the Family Minimum Income Program, supported by the city of Caxias do Sul, was chosen for it deals directly with people living in poverty and has as its main goal to guarantee a minimum income, monthly and temporarily, to vulnerable families, building strategies in search of autonomy, strengthening of the emancipatory process and, especially, overcoming difficulties, and in this manner, contributing to build and recover the position of these families in the society. As a result, this thesis is concerned with poverty, and seeks to approach different conceptions, emphasizing concepts that come from those subjects who live in poverty, for it is believed that they affect the public policies concerned with social inclusion and poverty fight, especially local public social policies. As a synthesis of the results, the dimensions of poverty that were revealed stood out, demonstrating that poverty is multidimensional; the dimensions turned up in an interlaced way. As far as discussion is concerned, the option was, when possible, to show them separately as they follow: livelihood; place where they live; survival; capacities; family matters; relationships in society; subjective/psychic issues.Esta tese tem como objetivo produzir conhecimento que permita aos profissionais do campo social compreender e reconhecer o significado da pobreza, a partir da visão dos sujeitos, de forma a contribuir para ampliar e qualificar as possibilidades de inserção social, promovidas por programas de políticas públicas, presentes na contemporaneidade. A partir do objetivo que se tinha, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, por acreditar-se que seria a mais apropriada, dado que esta permite que os fenômenos sejam compreendidos no próprio contexto em que ocorrem e, ao mesmo tempo, torna possível aprofundar a complexidade dos fenômenos, a partir do momento em que são consideradas as perspectivas dos sujeitos envolvidos diretamente na realidade estudada. Nesse sentido, priorizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Para se chegar aos sujeitos da pesquisa, optou-se pelo Programa Renda Mínima Familiar da Prefeitura Municipal de Caxias do Sul, por se tratar de um dos programas que trabalha diretamente com pessoas em situação de pobreza e que tem, em seu objetivo principal, assegurar renda mínima, mensal e temporária às famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco pessoal, construindo estratégias na busca da autonomia, do fortalecimento do processo emancipatório e, principalmente, da superação das dificuldades, contribuindo assim à construção e ao resgate da cidadania de grupos familiares. Assim, esta tese trata da pobreza, buscando abordar as diferentes concepções, dando ênfase às concepções dos sujeitos que vivem em situação de pobreza, pois acredita-se que isso traz implicações às políticas públicas de inserção social e combate à pobreza, especialmente as políticas sociais públicas locais. Como síntese dos resultados destacou-se as dimensões da pobreza que apareceram, demonstrando ser a pobreza multidimensional; as dimensões apareceram de forma entrelaçada. Para fins de discussão, optou-se, na medida do possível, por apresentá-las separadamente, são elas: meios de subsistência; local onde vivem; sobrevivência; capacidades; questões familiares; relações na sociedade; questões subjetivas/psíquicas

Predicting consumer attitude to use on-line shopping: context of Malaysia

Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential part of our lives. It has entered all sectors of our daily activities: business, communication, Shopping, and personal life. This study, based on the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory investigates factors that influence adoption and usage of e-shopping, especially, in Malaysia. Factors were empirically tested against data collected from 375 participants using survey questionnaires. Perceived Relative advantage was found to be the most significantly related factor affecting e-shopping adoption in Malaysia, followed in turn by Privacy and Compatibility. Security of the Internet had a notable effect on e-shopping and adoption in Malaysia. However there is no significant in consumers’ attitude towards online shopping based on complexity. The results show that if students worry about whether their information due to the process of online shopping will be used for other purposes, it will reduce their purchase attitude. In other words, students will evaluate online shopping based on such perceptions as whether the purchase through online will bring additional advantages, and, at the same time, be compatible with their current life style. Customers shop online to save time and effort

Marketing de relacionamento: um estudo do programa de fidelidade AmBev

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Administração.As estratégias de fidelidade estão crescendo em popularidade por toda parte. Empresas de diferentes setores estão aprendendo que alocar recursos de marketing para promover vendas repetidas pode ser mais lucrativo a longo prazo do que investir esses mesmos recursos para atrair novos negócios. A cada novo ano de relacionamento, o atendimento aos clientes se torna mais barato. A medida que o ciclo de vida do cliente avança, os clientes fiéis se tornam "construtores de negócios", comprando mais, pagando maiores preços (premium prices) e atraindo novos clientes pelas referências boca a boca. A natureza e estratégias dos programas diferem, da mesma forma que os graus de sucesso. Mas isso não impede que se determinem quais os fatores que conduzem um programa ao êxito. Considerando que a empresa em questão atinge vários perfis de clientes (pontos de venda), para um correto planejamento de marketing é necessário identificar os alvos de mercado. A segmentação tem sido definida como estratégia de marketing de fundamental importância para o sucesso de uma empresa. Baseia-se na idéia de que um produto comum não pode satisfazer necessidades e desejos de todos os consumidores. 0 motivo é simples: os consumidores são muitos, dispersos em diversas regiões, têm hábitos de compra variados, gostos diferenciados e variam em suas necessidades, desejos e preferências. Assim sendo, não se pode tratar todos da mesma forma, bem como nãos e pode tratar todos de forma diferente. 0 que se pode fazer é tentar reunir grupos de pessoas com características, preferências e gostos semelhantes, e tratá-los como se fossem iguais. Com isso, identificou-se a necessidade de criar uma equipe de vendas especializada em atender clientes de Auto Serviço de Rota (AS Rota), ou seja, mercados com faturamento até R$ 500.000,00 ao ano. Em outubro de 2002 a American Beverage Company - AmBev segmentou seus clientes de acordo com a representatividade destes (CMVs) e outros aspectos como categorias diferentes e posicionou em clusters atendidos de forma diferenciada. Com essa implementação, será avaliado os resultados do Programa de Fidelidade implantado nesses pontos de venda, durante outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2003

Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumonia Hospitalizations in High- and Low-Income Subpopulations in Brazil.

BackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are being used worldwide. A key question is whether the impact of PCVs on pneumonia is similar in low- and high-income populations. However, most low-income countries, where the burden of disease is greatest, lack reliable data that can be used to evaluate the impact. Data from middle-income countries that have both low- and high-income subpopulations can provide a proxy measure for the impact of the vaccine in low-income countries.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of PCV10 on hospitalizations for all-cause pneumonia in Brazil, a middle-income country with localities that span a broad range of human development index (HDI) levels. We used complementary time series and spatiotemporal methods (synthetic controls and hierarchical Bayesian spatial regression) to test whether the decline in pneumonia hospitalizations associated with vaccine introduction varied across the socioeconomic spectrum.ResultsWe found that the declines in all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations in children and young and middle-aged adults did not vary substantially across low and high HDI subpopulations. Moreover, the estimated declines seen in infants and young adults were associated with higher levels of uptake of the vaccine at a local level.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PCVs have an important impact on hospitalizations for all-cause pneumonia in both low- and high-income populations

To expose or not to expose: the complexity of emotions in Pap smear acceptance

The Pap smear test has been established as a screening method to detect cervical cancer at a precancerous stage. Yet, the coverage is still low in many developing countries. The paucity of studies which probe into the emotional barrier drove this study to explore further the role of emotions among women in their process of making decision to do the Pap smear test. This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis from semi-structured in-depth interviews of nine women who had undergone the Pap smear test. The results revealed two main emotions: embarrassment and anxiety. The sub-themes for embarrassment are embedded value, imperfections, doubt trustworthiness, enormity of emotion, sex of health personnel matters and temporal and conditional significance. Whilst, the sub-themes for anxiety are what are they going to do to me and what are the consequences. These emotions stemmed from values and past experiences of these women. The barriers set by these emotions signify the importance of their role in preventing women from doing the Pap smear test. The enormity of these emotions calls for interventions to focus on assisting women to overcome them before they can accept to do the Pap smear test

Predictors of bankruptcy probability among Malaysian civil servants : examining the subjective measurement / Yasotha Nair...[et al.]

Bankruptcy and its impact on the quality of life among Malaysian civil servants has received considerable attention from many authorities. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinant factors of civil servants’ bankruptcy probability in Malaysia. The results of this study can be used to predict the possibility of bankruptcy. The knowledge of this early warning model may help to prevent the consequences or reduce the possibility of bankruptcy among Malaysian civil servants. It can be also used for a better understanding of the relationship on bankruptcy probability by highlighting the determinant factors such as asset ownership, attitude towards debt, and financial management practices. Samples were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling technique among civil servants in public sectors. A total of 399 completed questionnaires were analysed using logistic regression to identify the probability of bankruptcy among the civil servants. The results identified that the possibility of bankruptcy is significantly determined by asset ownership, attitude towards debt, and financial management practices