Circulation mapping of the North Atlantic Ocean during the 1990\u27s and from 1974 to 1984 as determined from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Eulerian current meter moorings

The Study of the ocean presents many challenges due to its vast size and the difficulty in representing such a system with the availability of few data measurements. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is the largest oceanographic experiment ever conducted. Data collection has been completed and we are now in the analysis, interpretation, modeling and synthesis phases (AIMS). An analysis and interpretation of the North Atlantic Ocean was conducted using a subset of the WOCE data. In the pre-WOCE period between Apr-11-74 and Sep-03-84 a total of 272 records were obtained having a spatial range of 23.2˚- 60.2˚N and 9.2˚ - 71.8˚W. The WOCE dataset consisted of 653 records obtained between Mar-09-90 and Aug-19-99 and having a spatial range of 0.1˚ - 65.3˚N and 9.5˚ - 76.8˚W. Data rich areas included the eastern shore of North America, especially the Gulf Stream and its extension, and the west coast of Europe and the United Kingdom. Data poor areas were found predominately north of the equator between 5˚ and 15˚N. Shallow and intermediate depth water currents showed similar pathways between the two datasets, whereas deep water current meters did not. Near bottom flows showed the effect of bathymetry on deep water flows with acceleration of flow down the continental slope evident, this is due to a combination of slope and water density. Annual mean circulation was examined for the period 1991-1993 and revealed a steady sub-tropical gyre. Eastward movement of a large warm water core was evident in 1992, with a smaller warm water core moving northward in 1993. By combining vector plots, depth profiles, and flow statistics a more complete coverage of the ocean was established. A good representation of current flows at various depths was observed. Variability in the circulation revealed the formation of eddies, movement of deep water masses and a highly dynamic state of the ocean

PD-1 Inhibitory Receptor Downregulates Asparaginyl Endopeptidase and Maintains Foxp3 Transcription Factor Stability in Induced Regulatory T Cells

CD4+ T cell differentiation into multiple T helper (Th) cell lineages is critical for optimal adaptive immune responses. This report identifies an intrinsic mechanism by which programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) signaling imparted regulatory phenotype to Foxp3+ Th1 cells (denoted as Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells) and inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells prevented inflammation in murine models of experimental colitis and experimental graft versus host disease (GvHD). Programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) binding to PD-1 imparted regulatory function to Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells and iTreg cells by specifically downregulating endo-lysosomal protease asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP). AEP regulated Foxp3 stability and blocking AEP imparted regulatory function in Tbet+iTreg cells. Also, Aep−/− iTreg cells significantly inhibited GvHD and maintained Foxp3 expression. PD-1-mediated Foxp3 maintenance in Tbet+ Th1 cells occurred both in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and during chronic viral infection. Collectively, this report has identified an intrinsic function for PD-1 in maintaining Foxp3 through proteolytic pathway.Bio-organic Synthesi

XPR1: a regulator of cellular phosphate homeostasis rather than a Pi exporter

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient, and its plasma levels are under tight hormonal control. Uphill transport of Pi into cells is mediated by the two Na-dependent Pi transporter families SLC34 and SLC20. The molecular identity of a potential Pi export pathway is controversial, though XPR1 has recently been suggested by Giovannini and coworkers to mediate Pi export. We expressed XPR1 in Xenopus oocytes to determine its functional characteristics. Xenopus isoforms of proteins were used to avoid species incompatibility. Protein tagging confirmed the localization of XPR1 at the plasma membrane. Efflux experiments, however, failed to detect translocation of Pi attributable to XPR1. We tested various counter ions and export medium compositions (pH, plasma) as well as potential protein co-factors that could stimulate the activity of XPR1, though without success. Expression of truncated XPR1 constructs and individual domains of XPR1 (SPX, transmembrane core, C-terminus) demonstrated downregulation of the uptake of Pi mediated by the C-terminal domain of XPR1. Tethering the C-terminus to the transmembrane core changed the kinetics of the inhibition and the presence of the SPX domain blunted the inhibitory effect. Our observations suggest a regulatory role of XPR1 in cellular Pi handling rather than a function as Pi exporter. Accordingly, XPR1 senses intracellular Pi levels via its SPX domain and downregulates cellular Pi uptake via the C-terminal domain. The molecular identity of a potential Pi export protein remains therefore elusive

What Is New in the miRNA World Regarding Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma?

Despite the availability of multimodal and aggressive therapies, currently patients with skeletal sarcomas, including osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, often have a poor prognosis. In recent decades, advances in sequencing technology have revealed the presence of RNAs without coding potential known as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which provides evidence that protein-coding genes account for only a small percentage of the entire genome. This has suggested the influence of ncRNAs during development, apoptosis and cell proliferation. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 underscored the importance of these molecules in pathological diseases such as cancer. Increasing interest in this field has allowed researchers to study the role of miRNAs in cancer progression. Regarding skeletal sarcomas, the research surrounding which miRNAs are involved in the tumourigenesis of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma has rapidly gained traction, including the identification of which miRNAs act as tumour suppressors and which act as oncogenes. In this review, we will summarize what is new regarding the roles of miRNAs in chondrosarcoma as well as the latest discoveries of identified miRNAs in osteosarcoma

Prevalência da Síndrome de Pusher em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral e sua associação com gravidade clínica e dependência funcional

BASE TEÓRICA: A identificação da síndrome de pusher pode influir na recuperação motora dos pacientes após acidente vascular encefálico (AVC). OBJETIVOS: estabelecer a prevalência da síndrome de pusher em pacientes após AVC a partir de critérios clínicos contidos na contraversive pushing scale (avaliação do sintoma de empurrar) e correlacioná-la com anormalidades do exame neurológico, gravidade do AVC e funcionalidade. MÉTODOS: realizou-se estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de pacientes de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de AVC agudo. Foram incluídos pacientes clinicamente estáveis e com possibilidade de avaliação da severidade do evento a partir da escala de NIHSS, Barthel e (avaliação do sintoma de empurrar). Para o diagnóstico da síndrome de pusher utilizaram-se dois critérios de pontuação, com diferentes pontos de corte, na contraversive pushing scale: resultado maior ou igual a 1 (critério I) ou maior que zero (critério II).RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 86 pacientes. Destes 30 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. 17 eram homens com idade média de 52,3 anos. 26 pacientes tiveram AVC isquêmico e quatro AVC hemorrágico. 14 apresentaram hemiplegia à esquerda e 16 à direita. As médias do NIHSS e do índice de Barthel foram de 8. 5 e 48. 8 pontos, respectivamente. Utilizando-se os critérios I e II as prevalências foram de 3. 3% e 26. 6%, respectivamente. A presença de síndrome de pusher associou-se significativamente a valores mais baixos na escala de Barthel quando se utilizou o critério II (22,5±8,5 versus 58,4±27,3; P< 0, 001). CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência da síndrome de pusher em paciente pós - AVC agudo é significativa e pode variar de acordo com critérios utilizados. Sua presença associa-se a parâmetros clínicos de maior gravidade e dependência funcional, maior incidência do evento em AVC isquêmico, lobo parietal e artéria cerebral média, respectivamente.BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the pusher syndrome can affect patients' motor recovery after stroke (CVA). OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of pusher syndrome in patients after stroke from clinical criteria contained in Contraversive Pushing Scale (evaluation of the symptom of pushing), and correlate them with neurological abnormalities, severity of stroke and functionality. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with convenience sample of patients of both sexes with a diagnosis of acute stroke. We included patients with clinically stable and able to assess the severity of the event from the range of NIHSS, Barthel (evaluation of the symptom of pushing). To diagnose the pusher syndrome used two scoring criteria with different cutoff points, pushing the Contraversive scale: result greater than or equal to 1 (criterion I) or greater than zero (criterion II).RESULTS: 86 patients were evaluated. Of these 30 met the inclusion criteria. 17 were men with mean age of 52. 3 years. 26 patients had ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke four. 14 had hemiplegia on the left and 16 right. Mean NIHSS and Barthel index were 8. 5 and 48. 8 points respectively. Using the criteria I and II prevalence rates were 3. 3% and 26. 6% respectively. The presence of pusher syndrome was significantly associated with lower values when the Barthel scale, we used the criterion II (22. 5 ± 8. 5 versus 58. 4 ± 27. 3, P <0. 001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pusher syndrome in patients after acute stroke is significant and can vary according to the criteria used. Its presence is associated with clinical severity and functional dependence, higher incidence in ischemic stroke event, parietal lobe and middle cerebral artery, respectively

Terapia cognitiva : aplicações de uma técnica para qualidade de vida e saúde

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral aplicar e avaliar uma técnica específica de terapia cognitiva - organizada em 12 sessões grupais e denominada Tomada de Decisão e Qualidade de Vida -, destinada a promover saúde e incrementar qualidade de vida. No total, participaram 18 servidores de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Nas etapas de admissão e de encerramento, aplicaram-se : Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, Inventário Beck de Ansiedade e Inventário Beck de Depressão. Foram identificadas melhoras significativas nos domínios físico, psicológico, meio ambiente, geral e saúde, relacionados à qualidade de vida. Não se verificaram alterações significantes nos escores de ansiedade (p=0,26). Em contrapartida, os escores de depressão indicaram melhora (p=0,02). Os resultados sugerem que a técnica pode ser empregada para promover saúde e qualidade de vida.In this study we implemented and assessed a specific cognitive therapy technique - Decision Making and Quality of Life, which is used to promote health and improve quality of life. Eighteen employees from a higher education institution participated in the study, which was organized into 12 group sessions. At the admission and concluding phases, we asked participants to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed significant improvement in five of the domains that measure quality of life: physical, psychological, environmental, general, and health. There were no significant changes (p=0.26) in anxiety scores. In contrast, the depression scores got significantly better (p=0.02). The results suggest that the proposed technique is conducive to health promotion and quality of life