Modeling and simulation of Caenorhabditis elegans chemotaxis in response to a dynamic engineered bacteria

Parasitic helminthes remain important causative agents of human, plant and animal diseases. Helminthes seek out food sources and navigate toward potential hosts using olfaction of simple chemical cues in a process called chemoattraction. While several studies have examined how nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans, behave in response to a chemoattractant, how the characteristics of the chemoattractant affect worm behavior has yet to explored. In this manuscript, we develop a mathematical model to examine how characteristics of common chemoattractants affect movement and behavior in the model nematode C. elegans. Specifically, we model a scenario where a toxic, engineered bacteria designed to express a chemoattractant influences the behavior of a population of worms. Through the model we observe that, under static conditions, the diffusion rate of the chemoattractant is critical in influencing choice of C. elegans. Here, the higher diffusion rate, the more the worms are attracted to the chemoattractant. We then show that if the worms learn that the chemoattractant is associated with toxicity, choice index is counterintuitively more strongly reduced with increasing diffusion rate. Finally, our model predicts a tradeoff between pulse period and attractant strength when the chemoattractant is dynamically pulsed in the environment. Our results reveal unique tradeoffs that govern chemoattraction in worms and may have implications in designing novel strategies for preventing or treating infections with parasitic worms

Fairy Tale

The imagination of a child- one of the most fantastic things

A Review on Facial Expression Recognition Techniques

Facial expression is in the topic of active research over the past few decades. Recognition and extracting various emotions and validating those emotions from the facial expression become very important in human computer interaction. Interpreting such human expression remains and much of the research is required about the way they relate to human affect. Apart from H-I interfaces other applications include awareness system, medical diagnosis, surveillance, law enforcement, automated tutoring system and many more. In the recent year different technique have been put forward for developing automated facial expression recognition system. This paper present quick survey on some of the facial expression recognition techniques. A comparative study is carried out using various feature extraction techniques. We define taxonomy of the field and cover all the steps from face detection to facial expression classification

An Unusual Case of Ameloblastoma arising from Dentigerous Cyst

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm that frequently affects the mandible. The term “ameloblastoma” includes several clinicoradiological and histological types. Apart from the most commonly encountered clinicopathologic models, there are few variants, whose biological profile is unknown or not elicited. Among these types, unicystic ameloblastoma is the least encountered variant of ameloblastoma. Unicystic ameloblastoma refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic, or gross features of a jaw cyst, but on histologic examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cyst cavity with or without luminal and/or mural tumor proliferation. Ameloblastoma has been reported to arise from a dentigerous cyst on rare occasions. In this paper, a case of ameloblastoma arising from epithelium of a dentigerous cyst is presented in light of the histopathologic findings, providing evidence for  ameloblastomatous change in the preexisting cyst in a 40-year-old female

Nucleation Control System and Method Leading to Enhanced Boiling Based on Electric Cooling

A cooling module for an electric devise includes a body having formed therein a plurality of channels, a micro-structured boiling surface, a piezoelectric transducer, an inlet header, and an outlet header. Each channel of the plurality of channels is defined by a first channel surface and opposing lateral channel surfaces cooperatively defining a rectangular cross section normal to a channel axis The micro-structured boiling surface is positioned adjacent the first channel surface of each channel. The piezoelectric transducer is in acoustic communication with one of the opposing lateral channel surfaces of each channel and configured to direct acoustic waves on the micro-structured boiling surface. The inlet header is in fluid communication with each channel of the plurality of channels. The outlet header is in fluid communication with each channel of the plurality of channels.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1164/thumbnail.jp

Economic impact of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on Indian farmers

Nearly one in two Indian citizens are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods [1]. This is not just income from cultivation, but also wages from agricultural labour. A National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) survey conducted in 2016-17 found that about one-third of agricultural household income comes from wages [2]. The initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in early 2020, and the public health response (e.g., a strictly enforced, national lockdown) severely disrupted wage labour. Our objective was to describe the financial impact from farmers’ perspective. First, we describe changes in income from wages and livestock for farmers over the course of the pandemic. Then, we explore how farmers have mitigated the financial downturn through (1) receipt of government cash transfers and (2) sale of assets. Finally, we explore how uptake of loans has changed during the pandemic as compared to 2019. <br/

A Study to Assess the Level of Depression and Anxiety among Woman with Polycystic Ovarian Disorder in Selected Hospital Nadiad City Gujarat

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Disorder Is The Most Common Endocrine Abnormality In Women Of Reproductive Age It Is A Health Problem That Affect 1 In 10 Women Of Child Bearing Age (15-49 Year). According To Indian Fertility Society Prevalence Of Pcod Range From 3.71% To 22.5% Women With Pcod Have Experienced Adverse Social, Physical, Emotional, And Psychological Consequences And They Are At Risk Of Developing Depression, Anxiety, Sadness, And Loneliness, Which Had Negative Impact On Their Health. Aims: The Main Aim Of The Study Is To Assess The Level Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Disorder In Selected Hospital In Nadiad City, Gujarat. Objectives To Assess The Level Of Depression In Women With Pcod In Selected Hospital Of Nadiad City Gujarat To Assess The Level Of Anxiety In Women With Pcod In Selected Hospital Of Nadiad City Gujarat. To Find Out The Association Between Level Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women With Pcod In A Selected Demographic Variables. Methodology: A Cross Sectional And Descriptive Study Designed Was Used By A Researcher. 100 Women Who Having Pcod Were Selected As A Sample. Sample Were Selected From Samju Laxmi Maternity Hospital And Akshar Hospital In Nadiad City Gujarat , Data Were Analyzed By Using Descriptive And Inferential Statistic And Frequency And Percentage, Table, Graph Etc., Were Used To Represent The Statistical Data. Result: In All 100 Women With Pcod Were Entered Into This Study In Which 36% Pcod Women Have No Depression, 49% Pcod Women Have Mild Depression, 8% Pcod Women Have Moderate Depression 7%, Pcod Women Have Severe Depression. Which Is Associated With Their Demographic Variable I.E. Age, Type Of Family. In All 100 Women With Pcod 7% Women Have No Anxiety ,24% Women Have Mild To Moderate Anxiety Level ,52% Women Have Moderate To Severe Anxiety And 7% Women Have Severe Anxiety. Which Is Associated With Their Demographic Variables I.E. Age, Marital Status, Have A Child?, Source Of Information About Pcod, Duration Of Pcod?, Duration Of Treatment.Conclusion :The Result Of Present Study Shows That The Pcod Women Have A Psychological Impact In Which There Is Presence Of Mild, Moderate And Severe Level Of Depression And Anxiety In Women With Pcod

Trace Elements In Health & Disease- A Boon In Disguise

Research on the existence of various elements in the universe has been extensive, but their role in the human body is not fully understood. About 98% of the human body mass consists of nine non-metallic elements, categorized into abundant and non-abundant/trace elements. Micronutrients, including trace elements, vitamins, and antioxidants, play a vital role in regenerative processes, coping with oxidative stress, and providing immunity against pathogens. Dental health is also dependent on these nutrients, which help in the production and development of oral mucosa, teeth, and surrounding tissues. The recommended intake of these nutrients remains variable due to factors such as geography, altitude, age, weight, physiological needs, pathological backlogs, and other recognizable/unrecognizable factors. Essential trace elements are broadly categorized into macro-elements, micro-elements or trace elements, probably essential elements, and potentially toxic elements. The current review focuses on the role of essential trace elements in maintaining oral health and their implications in various oral diseases and disorders

'There and Back Again'-Forward Genetics and Reverse Phenotyping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Although the invention of right heart catheterisation in the 1950s enabled accurate clinical diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), it was not until 2000 when the landmark discovery of the causative role of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) mutations shed new light on the pathogenesis of PAH. Since then several genes have been discovered, which now account for around 25% of cases with the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PAH. Despite the ongoing efforts, in the majority of patients the cause of the disease remains elusive, a phenomenon often referred to as "missing heritability". In this review, we discuss research approaches to uncover the genetic architecture of PAH starting with forward phenotyping, which in a research setting should focus on stable intermediate phenotypes, forward and reverse genetics, and finally reverse phenotyping. We then discuss potential sources of "missing heritability" and how functional genomics and multi-omics methods are employed to tackle this problem