Patronin-mediated minus end growth is required for dendritic microtubule polarity.

Microtubule minus ends are thought to be stable in cells. Surprisingly, in Drosophila and zebrafish neurons, we observed persistent minus end growth, with runs lasting over 10 min. In Drosophila, extended minus end growth depended on Patronin, and Patronin reduction disrupted dendritic minus-end-out polarity. In fly dendrites, microtubule nucleation sites localize at dendrite branch points. Therefore, we hypothesized minus end growth might be particularly important beyond branch points. Distal dendrites have mixed polarity, and reduction of Patronin lowered the number of minus-end-out microtubules. More strikingly, extra Patronin made terminal dendrites almost completely minus-end-out, indicating low Patronin normally limits minus-end-out microtubules. To determine whether minus end growth populated new dendrites with microtubules, we analyzed dendrite development and regeneration. Minus ends extended into growing dendrites in the presence of Patronin. In sum, our data suggest that Patronin facilitates sustained microtubule minus end growth, which is critical for populating dendrites with minus-end-out microtubules

ATC Enhancement With FACTS Devices Considering Reactive Power Flows Using PTDF

In the present day world power system deregulation is at its full stretch. In this deregulated environment there is a clear need for adequate computation of ATC which is currently being given at most importance. The insertion of FACTS devices in electrical systems seems to be a promising strategy to enhance ATC. In this paper, the viability and technical merits of boosting ATC using TCSC are analyzed. The methods used for determining ATC are linear methods, which are based on MVA loading of the system considering system thermal limit constraints, neglecting bus voltages and static collapse. Power Transfer Distribution Factors, commonly referred to as PTDFs, express the percentage of a power transfer that flows on a transmission facility. They are used to determine the maximum ATC that may be available across the system without violating line thermal limits. The effect of reactive power flows in line loading is not considered in linear ATC which is a major limitation. This paper describes a fast algorithm to incorporate this effect. In this paper the line post transfer complex flow is estimated based on exact circle equation and then ATC is evaluated using active power distribution factors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated on IEEE 30-Bus system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.392

SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

The paper is an attempt to find the relationship between Social Intelligence and academic achievement of the selected arts group students at Higher Secondary level. In the present study survey method was used. The investigator adopted the survey method to study the relationship between Social Intelligence and academic achievement Investigator selected only 300 arts group students at Higher Secondary level as sample in Coimbatore district using stratified random sampling. The findings reveal that there is a mild positive relationship between social intelligence and academic achievement among the selected arts group students at Higher Secondary level

Note on Fourier Transform of Hidden Variable Fractal Interpolation

This paper investigates the Fourier transform of a hidden variable fractal interpolation function with function scaling factors, which generalizes the Fourier transform of hidden variable fractal interpolation function with constant scaling factors. Furthermore, the Fourier transform of quadratic hidden variable fractal interpolation function with function scaling factors is also investigated. With an aim of maximizing the flexibility of hidden variable fractal interpolation function and quadratic hidden variable fractal interpolation function, a class of iterated function systems involving function scalings is chosen for the present study