Los anglicismos en el lenguaje de la informática en español. El “misterioso mundo del tecnicismo” a través de foros y glosarios en línea

Con questo lavoro, la Pano illustra come la rapida creazione e sviluppo di nuovi dispositivi, programmi e sistemi nei campi dell’informatica e delle nuove tecnologie dell’informazione rende difficile il corretto uso di molti termini ed espressioni specifici di questi settori da parte dei professionisti, dei traduttori e, in generale, degli utenti di queste tecnologie. Rammenta anche che nel mondo dell’informatica così come in altri settori dell’attività umana, l’inglese è oggi la prima lingua dato che in essa si scrivono e pubblicano la maggior parte di studi e manuali tecnici in tutto il mondo. L’autrice nota che gli effetti di questi fattori nella formazione del discorso informatico in lingua spagnola sono principalmente due: da una parte, un’elevata instabilità lessico-semantica dei termini; e, dall’altra, una maggiore presenza nei testi in spagnolo – più o meno accettata – di unità lessicali ed espressioni derivanti dall’inglese senza cambiamenti (anglicismi puri), e di calchi semantici e strutturali, risultanti dalla traduzione spagnola di termini e strutture inglesi. Di fronte alle difficoltà che un tale adattamento presenta, i glossari accessibili in rete e aggiornati regolarmente e i forum di discussione, come il TIC del Centro Virtual Cervante,s permettono di risolvere importanti questioni linguistiche fornendo numerose risposte alle domande di esperti, traduttori e utenti e consentendo lo scambio e l’arricchimento di saperi. Attraverso l’analisi di questi spazi, l’autrice rileva che la collaborazione e un approccio dinamico e contestuale nella risoluzione di dubbi e nell’elaborazione di risorse, sono oggi fondamentali per la corretta conformazione di questo linguaggio specifico

Physical activity benefits for Alzheimer's disease patients (A Review)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and degenerative disease which is the main cause for dementia in older adults. It is well known that exercise can reduce the risk level for vascular risk factors, heart diseases (Blair et al., 1996), atherosclerosis (Lakka et al., 2001), stroke (Kurl et al., 2001) and diabetes (Seals et al., 1984; Houmard et al., 1996), diseases that can increase the risk for dementia and AD (Gustafson et al., 2003). Main objective of this study was to review the latest literature recomendations regarding the most appropriate exercise testing, programming and types of physical activity that Alzheimer’s disease patients should practice. The search has been made mainly, focusing in PubMed/MEDLINE, for randomized controlled trial studies which used PA intervention as a weapon for delaying or treating symtoms of AD patients. There are clear evidences which shows that AD patients can benefit from all types of occupational PA and have a positive effect on their psycho-social and cognitive functioning. AD patients who engage in PA, also have positive effect in motor abilities, activities of daily life and makes them more independent from others. Further studies for AD patients involving a larger number of subjects and different types of individualised exercise interventional programs are necessary to be conducted

Diálogo y lengua española en contextos de comunicación mediada por ordenador

Nel presente saggio, Ana Pano propone un modello basato nel dialogo protitipico e i suoi componenti principali quali l’interattività e l’intenzionalità, per capire il complesso fenomeno della comunicazione mediata dal computer (CMC) ed indagare come la lingua spagnola si trasforma in contesti quali i canali di chat, i forum, la posta elettronica e i blog. Lo studio prende in considerazione i principali modelli teorici ed esplicativi sulla CMC per ampliarli in una nuova prospettiva. Estendendo dunque alcune questioni sul carattere scritto-orale dei messaggi, la sincronia-asincronia delle interazioni e la formazione e la trasformazione dell’identità e della comunità in questi contesti, il modello dialogico permette di spiegare perché nella Rete si assiste a uno scambio conversazionale costante in cui, tra le altre cose, si richiede certa organizzazione nell’alternanza dei turni, è fondamentale l’elezione dell’interlocutore, si scrive nella direzione della voce ed imitando il movimento del pensiero, si rimanda constantemente al contesto, si richiede una risposta immediata. Il canale permanentemente aperto e la riduzione dei tempi di invio-risposta fanno sì che l’interazione si percepisca come se fosse in praesentia e non più mediata dal computer. La prossimità comunicativa segna allora un intercambio in cui la lingua, spagnola in questo caso, presenta i tratti tipici del linguaggio colloquiale

Correlation between posture and balance in 19-20-year-old Albanian students

Postural control (or balance) can be defined statically as the ability to maintain a base of support with minimal movement, and dynamically as the ability to perform a task while maintaining a stable position (C. J. Winstein, E. R). The development of equilibrium capacities is known to be critical for both the acquisition and the control of motor skills (Massion. J., 1992). Since balance control is an essential component for the optimal functioning of any locomotors system (Winter DA et al., 1990), gait and balance control together needs to be investigated in order to correct inappropriate performance and prevent injury. This study focus was to investigate the correlation between posture and balance changes in normal and healthy adolescent’s (boys and girls). A total of 61 subjects (21 females and 40 males) aged 19-20-year-old students, participated on this study. We have conducted a postural screening, which included digital photography in 4 plans (anterior view, right lateral view, posterior view, left lateral view) and postural evaluation with Posture Screen Mobile program were done, was also performed a set of 4 balance tests BT (Balance Test) a) (Rom EO); b) (Rom EC); c) (SemTanEO); d) (SemTanEC); e) (TanEO); f) (TanEC), on Leonardo Mechanography Platform. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 2.0. Results shows that generally all subjects have a good balance and orientation level in all tests (with open and closed eyes). Also based on the results we can say that the correlation between posture and balance changes in ages 19-20 it’s really relevant. The posture screening and the analysis of balance are of great importance in studies trying to understand the ageing process. Also differences between genders are of great interest especially if a proper exercise program focused in postural improvement can be implemented

Physical activity effects on postural adjustments: a review

Postural control has been viewed as an example of the famous problem of motor redundancy (Bernstein, 1967) in this case formulated as the problem of coordinated changes in the activation of numerous muscles of the lower extremities and the trunk. Muscular stability and mobility, skeletal structure, and muscular balance all influence postural alignment (Kendall, F.P et al., 1983; Fortin, C., 2011). Depending on the severity of the postural deviations, poor posture may result in pain and can affect physical function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (Katzman, W.B., 2007). Aim of this review was searching studies focusing on the effects physical activity on postural adjustments. We searched PubMed, ResearchGate, JabRef. From 166 studies only 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria’s. A total of 150 subjects with age ranging from 22-61 years old participating in different exercise intervention programs. In general, there are few studies focusing on the effects of physical activity on postural control and adjustments and also all the studies have enrolled a low number of subject which lead to a necessity for further research with larger groups of subjects and different type of physical activity intervention programs in order to better identify which is the most effective

Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Whole-body electromyostiulation (WB-EMS) has experienced a boom in recent years, even though its effectiveness is controversial. A sedentary lifestyle is deeply rooted in the European population, mainly in the elderly. This experimental study analyzed the impact of WB-EMS on the physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre–post-test. Both groups conducted a ten-week aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group overlaid the WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, both groups improved upper and lower body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, and speed levels (pBonferroni < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed at upper andlowerbodystrength,agility,speed,andcardiovascularendurance(p < 0.05). TheWB-EMSgroup scored better agility than the control group at the end of the intervention (pBonferroni < 0.05) and was the only group that improved cardiovascular endurance. WB-EMS shows a favorable isolate effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.This study was funded by the non-profit organization: Institut de Desenvolupament Social i Territorial. UniversitatdeLleida. Thenameofthisprojectis“Activeaging,qualityofliveandintergenerationalrelationships”. Grant INDEST2016

FAQ Lingua e Linguistica spagnola 1 08/09

Domande e risposte utili per orientarsi sul corso di Lingua e Linguistica spagnola

FAQ Lingua spagnola B

Domande e risposte utili per orientarsi sul cors