A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: INCREASING PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG RURAL ADULT POPULATION OF KARNATAKA, INDIA

A community based cross-sectional study in the age group 25 years and above conducted at the field area of primary health centre Chakenahalli, Hassan district, Karnataka, India. The population was similar in characteristics regarding occupation, socio-economic status and food habits. Total of 626 subjects were included by multi-stage sampling. Information collected by the interviewers through face to face interview, after informed consent. The individuals were assessed on anthropometric parameters and screening was done by Random Blood Glucose (RBG) with a standardized technique; diagnosis of type 2 diabetes done by WHO criteria. Prevalence of diabetes was found in 11.3% males and 15% females, altogether the total prevalence was 13.09% with 8.79% self reported cases of diabetes . Hypertension was associated with 25.6% diabetic subjects. It was also observed that 28.1% of study population had BMI ≥ 25

Outcome of office hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with red flag signs: a single centre-based study from Northern Ireland

Background: Assessment of postmenopausal women with red flag signs like postmenopausal bleeding/ endometrial thickness ≥5 mm is needed for early detection of any pathology. Early-stage endometrial cancer detection through office hysteroscopy is one of crucial modality for effective management. Objective was to assess the outcome of office hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with red flag sign and correlated with histopathology findings.  Methods: A prospective observational study at a single facility in Northern Ireland involving 122 post-menopausal women aged ≥45 years subjected to AUB/increased endometrial thickness. Advance diagnostic examination by office hysteroscopy followed by histopathology to detect and rule out endometrial cancer and related ailments. Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.07±10.317 SD years and 91.8% were over-weight. 71.3% women had endometrial thickness <5 mm. Hysteroscopic reported for 8.2% (10 cases) endometrial cancers having diagnostic accuracy of 98.36%. The histological and hysteroscopic diagnoses were having significantly similar outcomes. Office hysteroscopy has 100% specificity and positive predictive value in detecting normal endometrium whereas 98.25% specificity and 100% negative predictive value in case for cancer detection. Conclusions: In Irish women, office hysteroscopy proved helpful in determining the pathologies that cause postmenopausal bleeding. Correlating hysteroscopic and histological findings with red flag indications should be the focus of future explorations

QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT AMONG INDIAN DIABETICS ENGAGING AN AYUR-PHARMACO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DESIGN

Diabetes related Quality of Life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction data is very scarce from India. The ayurpharmacoepidemiology study design was assumed to explore the definite situation of perceived QoL among Indian diabetics and to understand the possibilities of interventions provided in Ayurveda hospitals against diabetes by assessing treatment satisfaction among diabetics. Cross-sectional study involving 203 type 2 diabetes patients aged ≥ 25 years were assessed by self-administered Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL-19) and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQc). Participants represented both male (68%) and female (32%) with mean age 55.31 (± 10.505 SD) years having age range of 56 years. Family history of diabetes revealed 20.68% paternal and 18.72% maternal diabetes. Mean duration of diabetes was 5.9384 (± 4.0148 SD) years with range of 6 months to 23.5 years. The mean ADDQoL [Average Weighted Impact (AWI)] score of the total participants were (-) 2.7753 where 98.03% participants perceived diabetes to impact negatively on their QoL. Mean DTSQ score was 28.0697. Association between ADDQoL (AWI) score and duration of diabetes showed no significant relationship (p=0.208) but strong evidence of diabetes complications was found significantly (p=0.017) related to ADDQoL (AWI) score. Negatively impact of Diabetes on QoL among Indians highlight lack of structured education, information programs and integrated diabetes health care model. The study widens the scope for future research opportunities involving ayurpharmacoepidemiological approach for monitoring psychosocial wellbeing and QoL with integrated therapeutic advances involving Ayurveda

A study on outcome of pregnancy of unknown location

Background: Pregnancies of unknown location (PUL) are becoming more common as women presenting to early pregnancy assessment units when a pregnancy test comes positive but there is no evidence of an intrauterine pregnancy. The objective of the present retrospective study was to find out the outcome of women with pregnancy of unknown location presenting to a tertiary hospital in Northern Ireland.Methods: This retrospective analytic study used medical record data between July 2019 and December 2021 from the Altnagelvin Area Hospital of Northern Ireland. TVUS was considered to diagnose the PUL and thereafter beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) level was monitored as per institutional protocol. Expectant management was carried out until the pregnancy outcome was finalised. Using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26, all collected data were analysed using the multinomial logistic regression.Results: For the analysis among the 63 participants, 25.4% were primi gravida and 38.1% presented with 4-5 weeks of gestation. Pain abdomen and vaginal bleeding was represented by 20.6% and 52.4% respectively. Confirmed ectopic pregnancy was observed among 4.8% and was surgically managed. Also, persistent PUL was 7.9% and these cases were successfully managed by Methotrexate.Conclusions: The large proportion will be biochemical pregnancy or intrauterine pregnancies, with a tiny fraction of ectopic pregnancies. Early detection of ectopic pregnancy is most challenging part among the women presented with PUL category

EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF JALAUKAVACHARANA (HIRUDOTHERAPY) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VICHARCHIKA (ECZEMA)

Though the skin diseases are not a life threatening, they make the patient worried due to its appearance. Severe itching or burning or oozing disturbs his routine and its nature susceptible to be chronic. Even though many skin diseases may be cured yet the relapsing nature of few diseases (eczema, psoriasis, seborricdermatitis etc.) makes it much harassment for patients and trouble some for physician too. Eczema is a pattern of inflammatory response of the skin characterized by redness, skin edema, itching and dryness, with possible crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing or bleeding. Ayurvedic science explains this disease as Vicharchika. As the Ayurveda classics have detailed the use of Jalauka (leech) in the treatment of various skin manifestations, the present study has been performed to assess the effectiveness of blood-letting by making use of leech in the management of Eczema. By the study, making use of leeches has found to be very effective in reliving the signs and symptoms of Eczema

Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence

AbstractAyurveda proclaims food and drugs are intersecting concepts that are vital for human survival and for the prevention and mitigation of diseases. Food interferes with the molecular mechanisms of an organism's “physiome”. It is consumed in large amounts compared to any drug. Hence, research on its effect and interaction with genome is highly relevant toward understanding diseases and their therapies. Ayurgenomics presents a personalized approach in the predictive, preventive, and curative aspects of stratified medicine with molecular variability, which embodies the study of interindividual variability due to genetic variability in humans for assessing susceptibility, and establishing diagnosis and prognosis, mainly on the basis of the constitution type of a person's Prakriti. Ayurnutrigenomics is an emerging field of interest pervading Ayurveda systems biology, where the selection of a suitable dietary, therapeutic, and lifestyle regime is made on the basis of clinical assessment of an individual maintaining one's Prakriti. This Ayurveda-inspired concept of personalized nutrition is a novel concept of nutrigenomic research for developing personalized functional foods and nutraceuticals suitable for one's genetic makeup with the help of Ayurveda. Here, we propose and present this novel concept of Ayurnutrigenomics and its emerging areas of research, which may unfold future possibilities toward smart yet safe therapeutics

Ayurpharmacoepidemiology en Route to Safeguarding Safety and Efficacy of Ayurvedic Drugs in Global Outlook

Ayurpharmacoepidemiology is a new field developed by synergy of the fields of clinical pharmacology, epidemiology, and ayurveda. It will use the effects of ayurvedic medicinal products on large populations to describe and analyze the practices, evaluate the safety and efficacy, and carry out medicoeconomic evaluations. Good pharmacoepidemiology practices in ayurveda is projected to assist with issues of ayurpharmacoepidemiologic research. The embraced good pharmacoepidemiology practices guideline in this viewpoint will be able to provide valuable evidence about the health effects of ayurvedic herbs/drugs and consider different fields like pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics, and drug discovery with ayurvedic reverse pharmacology approach, also pass out significant data for further basic sciences study in ayurveda biology, ayurgenomics, ayurnutrigenomics, and systems biology. Several unanswered questions about ayurvedic drug use and informed interventions or policies that can be addressed by informatics database, which will eventually demonstrate the credibility and rationality of ayurceuticals in the future. </jats:p

MULTI-CENTRIC, DOUBLE BLIND STUDY OF EMAMI BLENDED EDIBLE VEGETABLE OIL (EBEVO1) ON IMMUNITY

Background: The composition of Emami Blended Vegetable Oil (EBEVO1) is refined soyabean oil (75% by wt) and refined rice bran oil (25% by wt) with add on vitamins such as A, C, D, E &amp; omega 3 fatty acids in order to enrich its nutritional value. Vit. A is involved in the development of the immune system and plays regulatory roles in cellular immune responses and humoral immune processes. Vit. A has demonstrated a therapeutic effect in the treatment of various infectious diseases. Crucial immune organs need constant dietary intake to maintain Vit. A concentration. Vitamin C is important in all stressful conditions that are linked to inflammatory processes and involve immunity. Study objectives: The sponsor, M/s Emami Agrotech Pvt. Ltd., developed the Emami Blended Edible Vegetable Oil (EBEVO1) which was evaluated upon the user acceptability and efficacy parameters. The baseline data of the evaluating parameters was compared with the results obtained by the end of the study (90days). Trial Design: The study was a randomized, multicentric, double-blind and controlled. The clinical trial protocol, information sheets, and consent forms were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Independent Research Ethics Society. The study was conducted after receiving the consent from the Ethics Committee (March 15, 2019). The Investigators have strictly followed the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the study following the Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. He/she thoroughly examined the study participants in his/her specific centre(s). Result: The results are encouraging where Group - A Oil shows better results than Group – B Oil due to value addition through Vitamins. Conclusion: Emami Blended Vegetable Oil contains 5 essential nutrients such as vitamin A, C, D, E and Omega 3 that have already been clinically confirmed in numerous trials around the world. The special blend of added nutrients that enhance the metabolic functions to enhance immunity to prevent minor general disorders or infections.</jats:p