The California Endowment: How Can This Leading Health Equity Funder Bolster Its Community Impact?

The California Endowment (TCE) is actively moving the needle toward health equity through its support of national health reform, changes in school discipline policies and focused attention on the urgent needs of boys and men of color. Its primary grantmaking strategy, Building Healthy Communities (BHC), funds both statewide policy advocacy and targeted investments in 14 communities across California. By investing in efforts to build community power and also directly engaging in advocacy, TCE exemplifies strategic, social justice philanthropy at its best. However, some of TCE's grantmaking practices limit its grantees' effectiveness. To expand its impact, TCE could provide more general operating support, build nonprofit advocacy capacity and better align the large foundation's many efforts

Statement to Congress, October 27, 1983 (payment of interest on demand deposits)

Bank deposits ; Regulation Q: Prohibition Against Payment of Interest on Demand Deposits

On the expression of TAM on nouns: evidence from Tundra Nenets

The paper aims to enrich the database of independent time-related morphology on nouns and contribute to the discussion of its categorization by examining the so-called predestinative forms in Tundra Nenets (Uralic). The basic semantic contribution predestinatives make consists in providing temporal information relevant for the interpretation of possessive NPs: they specify the relation between the time at which the possessive predicate is true of the possessor and the possessed noun, and the time at which the whole NP is true. However, some properties of predestinatives are not easily accounted for by the nominal tense analysis; rather it would be more appropriate to analyze them as nominal mood, in particular, subjunctive or embedded irrealis. The paper concludes that Tundra Nenets presents rather clear evidence for a TAM category on nouns, but whether it is tense or mood ultimately depends on whether nominal tense is defined as a category that affects the time at which the whole NP is true or the time at which the predicate embedded within the NP is true

Reversible and Irreversible Interactions of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) with Oxygen Studied by Spin-Sensitive Methods

Understanding of degradation mechanisms in polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunctions on the microscopic level aimed at improving their intrinsic stability is crucial for the breakthrough of organic photovoltaics. These materials are vulnerable to exposure to light and/or oxygen, hence they involve electronic excitations. To unambiguously probe the excited states of various multiplicities and their reactions with oxygen, we applied combined magneto-optical methods based on multifrequency (9 and 275 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL), and PL-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) to the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions (P3HT:PCBM; PCBM = [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). We identified two distinct photochemical reaction routes, one being fully reversible and related to the formation of polymer:oxygen charge transfer complexes, the other one, irreversible, being related to the formation of singlet oxygen under participation of bound triplet excitons on the polymer chain. With respect to the blends, we discuss the protective effect of the methanofullerenes on the conjugated polymer bypassing the triplet exciton generation

Reversing the Presumption of Employment at Will

The doctrine of employment at will has been a fixture of American common law for approximately a century. In its pristine form, the doctrine is a rule of construction, establishing a rebuttable presumption that the terms of an employment agreement permit either the employer or the employee to terminate the relationship at any time and for any reason.\u27 Unless the employee rebuts the at-will presumption by adducing evidence of an explicit agreement to the contrary, an employer may fire the employee for good cause, no cause, or bad cause without incurring any legal liability.\u27 Experts have estimated that up to seventy-five million employees are subject to this harsh dismissal standard. In recent years the at-will doctrine has suffered substantial erosion as a common-law principle. A vast majority of state courts have fashioned various tort- and contract-law exceptions in a piecemeal attempt to diminish the doctrine\u27s inherent potential for employer abuse. In a flood of normative argument, legal commentators have advocated alternatively the judicial or legislative expansion of these exceptions or abolition of the at-will doctrine and implementation of a requirement that all dismissals be for just cause. In response, one state and two territorial legislatures have supplanted the at-will doctrine completely by statutorily adopting the just cause dismissal standard or an equivalent. Proponents have advanced both moral and economic considerations for replacing the at-will doctrine with a just cause dismissal standard. These commentators decry the narrow protection afforded employees by the at-will exceptions and argue that a general just cause standard would be economically efficient. Labor markets have not forced the adoption of just cause standards, they claim, only because employers possess unequal bargaining power and because employees are misinformed about the risks of arbitrary discharge.\u27 A small number of commentators have rejected the intellectual trend toward, as well as the arguments for, just cause requirements. These theorists argue that economic efficiency best explains the persistence of at-will employment and that the doctrine\u27s persistence cannot be accounted for in terms of putative market failures such as unequal bargaining power.\u27 According to this argument, market constraints sufficiently check profit-draining abuse by employers, making governmental or judicial intervention unnecessary. In addition, employers forced to provide job security in the form of just cause dismissal requirements merely will transfer the cost of these measures to the employee in the form of lower wages.\u27 In fact, lower wage employees, perceived by employers as essentially fungible, would bear a disproportionate share of the costs of a mandatory just cause dismissal requirement precisely because of their comparatively acute lack of bargaining power. This argument implies that the imposition of a just cause standard itself might be unjust. This Note discusses the economic and moral rationales for replacing the at-will doctrine with a general just cause dismissal standard and proposes an alternative that fairly and efficiently balances all the interests involved. Part II traces the development of the at-will doctrine, describing its history and critically discussing the various kinds of judicial and statutory exceptions to the doctrine. Part III examines the economic and moral arguments for and against implementing a mandatory just cause dismissal standard. Part IV advocates reversing the presumption of employment at will on both economic and moral grounds and argues that courts should establish a rebuttable presumption that an employee can be fired only for just cause, rather than at will. This Note concludes that establishing a rebuttable presumption that an employee can be discharged only for just cause would preserve employment-at- will\u27s economic benefits, while fully protecting those employees most likely to be devastated by an arbitrary discharge

The Beginnings of Formal Semantics: The Historical Context of Arnim von Stechow’s Contributions

The paper surveys the development of formal semantics and its ties to analytic philosophy and generative grammar