Pengangguran, Lama Mencari Kerja, Dan Reservation Wage Tenaga Kerja Terdidik

Angka pengangguran tenaga kerja terdidik terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Dari 8,59 juta penganggur ditahun 2010, 4,8 juta di antaranya adalah penganggur terdidik. Sementara itu, lama mencari kerja mencapai11 bulan. Metode Heckman Dua Tahap digunakan untuk menduga upah minimum yang diinginkan danMetode OLS untuk menduga lama mencari kerja serta berdasarkan karakteristik sosial, demogra, danregional. Lama mencari kerja bagi yang berpendidikan tinggi lebih lama daripada yang berpendidikanrendah. Upah minimum yang diinginkan dengan karakteristik sosial, demogra, dan regional angkatan kerjaberpendidikan tinggi lebih besar daripada yang lainnya

Semi-Endogenous Growth Model for Developing Countries: a Modification to Jones Model

Semi-endogenous growth model emphasizes human capital accumulation and technological advances in supporting economic growth. While most countries in the world lack the ability to accumulate their human capital and advance in technology, the privilege of research and development lies on part of developed nations. The increase in the stock of knowledge can come from different interactions with other countries in the world. But the crucial point to make is what underlies these differences among nations in the world. This study modifies Jones model by embedding characteristics that different countries in the world. Such an attempt is directed to produce a more general model of semi-endogenous growth to be applicable to all countries in the world. The end result of this study is to present a more general model that will be easily applicable to different countries in the world

Addressing Conundrums for Urban Environmental Planning under Climate Change in Mexico City, Mexico and Rosario, Argentina

Urban centers in Latin America are experiencing rapid growth and a host of intertwined environment and development problems related to climate change. In response, cities have started implementing sustainability initiatives and climate action plans. These plans generally target key sectors, ranging from transportation to water and sanitation, and focus on infrastructure improvements. Often, the objectives of sustainability plans are not met and tend to be mitigation-centric, despite explicit calls to address urban poverty. This paper analyses two case studies in Mexico City, Mexico and Rosario, Argentina to illustrate three risk conundrums that limit the success of sustainability initiatives in cities. Following this analysis, a six-domain (6D) framework is applied to create an alternative approach that includes indicators for contextually addressing risk conundrums throughout each stage of a project. The result is a social enterprise approach that is more equitable and focused on process as well as outcomes

Prospective Study in a Porcine Model of Sarcoptes scabiei Indicates the Association of Th2 and Th17 Pathways with the Clinical Severity of Scabies

BackgroundUnderstanding of scabies immunopathology has been hampered by the inability to undertake longitudinal studies in humans. Pigs are a useful animal model for scabies, and show clinical and immunologic changes similar to those in humans. Crusted scabies can be readily established in pigs by treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex).Methodology/ Principal FindingsProspective study of 24 pigs in four groups: a) Scabies+/Dex+, b) Scabies+/Dex-, c) Scabies-/Dex+ and d) Scabies-/Dex-. Clinical symptoms were monitored. Histological profiling and transcriptional analysis of skin biopsies was undertaken to compare changes in cell infiltrates and representative cytokines. A range of clinical responses to Sarcoptes scabiei were observed in Dex treated and non-immunosuppressed pigs. An association was confirmed between disease severity and transcription of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, and up-regulation of the Th17 cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 in pigs with crusted scabies. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells, and strong staining for IL-17.Conclusions/ SignificanceWhile an allergic Th2 type response to scabies has been previously described, these results suggest that IL-17 related pathways may also contribute to immunopathology of crusted scabies. This may lead to new strategies to protect vulnerable subjects from contracting recurrent crusted scabies

A randomized feasibility trial comparing four antimalarial drug regimens to induce Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia in the controlled human malaria infection model.

BACKGROUND: Malaria elimination strategies require a thorough understanding of parasite transmission from human to mosquito. A clinical model to induce gametocytes to understand their dynamics and evaluate transmission-blocking interventions (TBI) is currently unavailable. Here, we explore the use of the well-established Controlled Human Malaria Infection model (CHMI) to induce gametocyte carriage with different antimalarial drug regimens. METHODS: In a single centre, open-label randomised trial, healthy malaria-naive participants (aged 18–35 years) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum by bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Participants were randomly allocated to four different treatment arms (n = 4 per arm) comprising low-dose (LD) piperaquine (PIP) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), followed by a curative regimen upon recrudescence. Male and female gametocyte densities were determined by molecular assays. RESULTS: Mature gametocytes were observed in all participants (16/16, 100%). Gametocytes appeared 8.5–12 days after the first detection of asexual parasites. Peak gametocyte densities and gametocyte burden was highest in the LD-PIP/SP arm, and associated with the preceding asexual parasite biomass (p=0.026). Male gametocytes had a mean estimated circulation time of 2.7 days (95% CI 1.5–3.9) compared to 5.1 days (95% CI 4.1–6.1) for female gametocytes. Exploratory mosquito feeding assays showed successful sporadic mosquito infections. There were no serious adverse events or significant differences in the occurrence and severity of adverse events between study arms (p=0.49 and p=0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The early appearance of gametocytes indicates gametocyte commitment during the first wave of asexual parasites emerging from the liver. Treatment by LD-PIP followed by a curative SP regimen, results in the highest gametocyte densities and the largest number of gametocyte-positive days. This model can be used to evaluate the effect of drugs and vaccines on gametocyte dynamics, and lays the foundation for fulfilling the critical unmet need to evaluate transmission-blocking interventions against falciparum malaria for downstream selection and clinical development. FUNDING: Funded by PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI). CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT02836002

PENGARUH BINGE-WATCHING TERHADAP STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA YANG SEDANG MENYUSUN SKRIPSI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh binge-watching terhadap stres akademik pada mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun skripsi pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada 508 mahasiswa/i di JABODETABEK yang sedang menyusun skripsi dan dalam periode 6 bulan terakhir. Alat ukur yang dipakai adalah Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) dan Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ). Uji statistik yang dipakai untuk menguji hipotesis adalah analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi ρ = 0,000 < 0,05, dengan nilai R square sebesar 0,505. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara binge-watching terhadap stres akademik sebesar 50,5% dengan arah pengaruh positif, sehingga semakin tinggi tingkat binge-watching maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat stres akademik pada mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun skripsi pada masa pandemi COVID-19. ***** This study aims to determine the effect of binge-watching on academic stress in students who are writing a thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses quantitative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires to 508 students in JABODETABEK who were preparing their thesis and within the last 6 months. The measuring instruments used are the Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) and the Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptom Questionnaire (BWESQ). The statistical test used to test the hypothesis is simple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that the significance value = 0.000 <0.05, with an R square value of 0.505. So it can be said that there is a significant effect between watching together on academic stress by 50.5% with a positive direction, so that the level of academic stress is also higher for students who are writing thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Co-designing to Improve Practice in Treating Urinary Tract Infections: a case study of reducing inappropriate antibiotic treatment

Although co-design has made important contributions to practice in many fields, healthcare has only recently employed it for shaping best practices. This paper explores an aspect of medical practice that challenges many hospitals: the decision-making process for ordering urine testing and the use of antibiotics, specifically, in treating Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB). The case investigates how physicians and nurses make decisions about testing urine for infection and the use of antibiotics. To explore the issue, the researchers conducted three co-design workshops to (1) uncover the medical decision-making process in ordering urine testing and treating UTI and ASB, (2) determine the needs of clinicians as they make such decisions, and (3) collectively design a decision aid that would fit users’ cognitive, emotional and physical needs. The case shows how human-centered design approach led to an evidence-based decision-making tool – guiding clinicians to improve their practices by reconsidering when and if to order urine testing and prescribe antibiotics

Evaluating Course Syllabus: Basis for Reframing into a Learner-Centered Syllabus for Outcome-Based Nursing Education

The shift from customary content-based pedagogical to learnercentered practice is imperative in the 21st century. This research aims to evaluate the course syllabus developed by the faculty members and if the syllabus meets the criteria for the learner-centered syllabus. The study employed a quantitative –comparative design to properly represent the phenomenon. The study was conducted at the selected universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Overall, the respondents of the study consist of 100 faculty members and the 50 students from the participating universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researchers adapted the learning-focused syllabus instrument to gather the data. Results show that the faculty members rated the learning goals and objectives to moderate (1.58), while students rated it low (1.42). Likewise, the learning assessment revealed a moderate result (1.76) for faculty members and low (1.38) for the students; the learning activities have moderate (1.69) result for the faculty and low (1.36) for the students. As regards scheduling, faculty members and students reported moderate results having a 2.06 and 2.09 respectively. The classroom environment revealed moderate results both the faculty members (1.62) and the students (1.52). Statistically, there is no significant difference on the category of syllabi when faculty respondents were grouped according to years of teaching (0.699.05). The findings show that the course syllabus evaluated is in a transitional phase towards learner-centered. As such, the progress of the syllabus is potential to meet the criteria for an outcomebased nursing education. However, the varying results as reported suggest reconciliation of the views of the faculty members and the students

Sensitive Detection of Plasmodium vivax Using a High-Throughput, Colourimetric Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (HtLAMP) Platform: A Potential Novel Tool for Malaria Elimination.

INTRODUCTION: Plasmodium vivax malaria has a wide geographic distribution and poses challenges to malaria elimination that are likely to be greater than those of P. falciparum. Diagnostic tools for P. vivax infection in non-reference laboratory settings are limited to microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests but these are unreliable at low parasitemia. The development and validation of a high-throughput and sensitive assay for P. vivax is a priority. METHODS: A high-throughput LAMP assay targeting a P. vivax mitochondrial gene and deploying colorimetric detection in a 96-well plate format was developed and evaluated in the laboratory. Diagnostic accuracy was compared against microscopy, antigen detection tests and PCR and validated in samples from malaria patients and community controls in a district hospital setting in Sabah, Malaysia. RESULTS: The high throughput LAMP-P. vivax assay (HtLAMP-Pv) performed with an estimated limit of detection of 1.4 parasites/ μL. Assay primers demonstrated cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi but not with other Plasmodium spp. Field testing of HtLAMP-Pv was conducted using 149 samples from symptomatic malaria patients (64 P. vivax, 17 P. falciparum, 56 P. knowlesi, 7 P. malariae, 1 mixed P. knowlesi/P. vivax, with 4 excluded). When compared against multiplex PCR, HtLAMP-Pv demonstrated a sensitivity for P. vivax of 95% (95% CI 87-99%); 61/64), and specificity of 100% (95% CI 86-100%); 25/25) when P. knowlesi samples were excluded. HtLAMP-Pv testing of 112 samples from asymptomatic community controls, 7 of which had submicroscopic P. vivax infections by PCR, showed a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI 29-96%; 5/7) and specificity of 93% (95% CI87-97%; 98/105). CONCLUSION: This novel HtLAMP-P. vivax assay has the potential to be a useful field applicable molecular diagnostic test for P. vivax infection in elimination settings

Pengangguran, Lama Mencari Kerja, dan Reservation Wage Tenaga Kerja Terdidik

Number of educated unemployment is increasing every year. Of the 8.59 million unemployed labor force in 2010, 4.8 million of whom are middle and high educated unemployed. Meanwhile, unemployment duration was 11 months. Two step Heckman method is employed to estimate reservation wage. The OLS estimates duration of search for educated unemployment as well as by social, demographic, and regional characteristics. Search duration for middle and high educated workforce is longer than low educated workforce. The reservation wage of highly educated labor force by social, demographic, and regional characteristics is higher than other labor force