L'utilisation des splines bidimensionnels pour l'estimation de lois de maintien en arrêt de travail

The aim of this paper is to propose an operational two-dimensional parametric adjustment for laws of maintenance in disability. The method suggested rests on splines in dimension 2; it is applied to a real data set, and the scale of reserving which results from it is compared with the scale of reference of the BCAC.

Posttranscriptional regulation of PARG mRNA by HuR facilitates DNA repair and resistance to PARP inhibitors

The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) rely on the mRNA stability factor HuR (ELAV-L1) to drive cancer growth and progression. Here, we show that CRISPR-Cas9–mediated silencing of the HuR locus increases the relative sensitivity of PDAC cells to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). PDAC cells treated with PARPi stimulated translocation of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, specifically promoting stabilization of a new target, poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) mRNA, by binding a unique sequence embedded in its 30 untranslated region. HuR-dependent upregulation of PARG expression facilitated DNA repair via hydrolysis of polyADP-ribose on related repair proteins. Accordingly, strategies to inhibit HuR directly promoted DNA damage accumulation, inefficient PAR removal, and persistent PARP-1 residency on chromatin (PARP-1 trapping). Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the PARP-1 protein binds and posttranslationally modifies HuR in PARPi-treated PDAC cells. In a mouse xenograft model of human PDAC, PARPi monotherapy combined with targeted silencing of HuR significantly reduced tumor growth compared with PARPi therapy alone. Our results highlight the HuR–PARG axis as an opportunity to enhance PARPi-based therapies. ©2017 AACR

Measuring children’s involvement as an indicator of curriculum effectiveness : a curriculum evaluation of a selected child study centre in Singapore

This paper presents one aspect of a research project evaluating a curriculum model of a selected child study centre in Singapore. An issue of worldwide interest and concern is the ‘quality of learning’ debate as it relates to early childhood centres. In Singapore, the government is focusing on expansion in child care settings and increases in the amount of funded training. One of the issues surrounding prior-to-school education raises the question of how one measures the quality of teaching and learning, to describe the value of using, funding and promoting early education. The research reported in this study used a quasi experimental research paradigm to assess one aspect of the quality of a curriculum programme in a child study centre in Singapore. Children aged between 18 months and 6 years (N = 81) participated in the research. Using the observation scale of Laevers’ Child Involvement Scale, the active involvement of children in learning experiences was measured. The findings are presented and discussed

Partitioning a regional groundwater flow system into shallow local and deep regional flow compartments

International audienceThe distribution of groundwater fluxes in aquifers is strongly influenced by topography, and organized between hillslope and regional scales. The objective of this study is to provide new insights regarding the compartmentalization of aquifers at the regional scale and the partitioning of recharge between shallow/local and deep/regional groundwater transfers. A finite-difference flow model was implemented, and the flow structure was analyzed as a function of recharge (from 20 to 500 mm/yr), at the regional-scale (1400 km2), in three dimensions, and accounting for variable groundwater discharge zones; aspects which are usually not considered simultaneously in previous studies. The model allows visualizing 3-D circulations, as those provided by Tothian models in 2-D, and shows local and regional transfers, with 3-D effects. The probability density function of transit times clearly shows two different parts, interpreted using a two-compartment model, and related to regional groundwater transfers and local groundwater transfers. The role of recharge on the size and nature of the flow regimes, including groundwater pathways, transit time distributions, and volumes associated to the two compartments, have been investigated. Results show that topography control on the water table and groundwater compartmentalization varies with the recharge rate applied. When recharge decreases, the absolute value of flow associated to the regional compartment decreases, whereas its relative value increases. The volume associated to the regional compartment is calculated from the exponential part of the two-compartment model, and is nearly insensitive to the total recharge fluctuations

Chocolatine: Outage Detection for Internet Background Radiation

The Internet is a complex ecosystem composed of thousands of Autonomous Systems (ASs) operated by independent organizations; each AS having a very limited view outside its own network. These complexities and limitations impede network operators to finely pinpoint the causes of service degradation or disruption when the problem lies outside of their network. In this paper, we present Chocolatine, a solution to detect remote connectivity loss using Internet Background Radiation (IBR) through a simple and efficient method. IBR is unidirectional unsolicited Internet traffic, which is easily observed by monitoring unused address space. IBR features two remarkable properties: it is originated worldwide, across diverse ASs, and it is incessant. We show that the number of IP addresses observed from an AS or a geographical area follows a periodic pattern. Then, using Seasonal ARIMA to statistically model IBR data, we predict the number of IPs for the next time window. Significant deviations from these predictions indicate an outage. We evaluated Chocolatine using data from the UCSD Network Telescope, operated by CAIDA, with a set of documented outages. Our experiments show that the proposed methodology achieves a good trade-off between true-positive rate (90%) and false-positive rate (2%) and largely outperforms CAIDA's own IBR-based detection method. Furthermore, performing a comparison against other methods, i.e., with BGP monitoring and active probing, we observe that Chocolatine shares a large common set of outages with them in addition to many specific outages that would otherwise go undetected.Comment: TMA 201

Peptoids as Promising Azobenzene Support for the Chemical Storage of Solar Energy

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Synthesis and Photochemical Characterization of Azobenzene-Functionalized Peptoids for the Chemical Storage of Solar Energy

peer reviewedStoring renewable energies represents a major challenge in modern science. The most abundant energy source is undoubtedly the Sun. Several storage concepts have already been studied and among them, chemical storage with MOlecular Solar Thermal systems (MOST) appears promising though challenging [1]. The working principle of those systems is based on iterative closed cycles of photoisomerization and back-isomerization between a parent compound and its metastable isomer. Energy is stored within the metastable isomer which possesses a certain half-life time and thermal energy is released during the thermal back-isomerization process [1,2]. Among the MOST systems, the azobenzene chromophore with its E Z photoisomerization has been largely explored. However, the properties of the azobenzene compounds must be improved for MOST applications, especially due to the low storage enthalpy encountered to date for these molecules [2,3]. To do so, several strategies have been considered. In particular, anchoring chromophores on a macromolecular backbone appears to be an elegant strategy since cooperative effects between chromophores may help augmenting the stored energy as well as the half-life time [4]. We are nowadays exploring the possibility of preparing MOST systems based on a peptoid-type backbone supporting different azobenzene chromophores incorporated at key positions. We will take benefit of this poster communication to present some of our results related to the design of efficient azobenzene-containing peptoids for MOST applications. We will first describe the spectroscopic properties such as maximum absorption and molar absorptivities of peptoids bearing azobenzene side chains. We will further present the LC-MS methodology developed for measuring several crucial MOST properties including the thermodynamics and kinetics parameters of the photoisomerization processes.5408 - FRIA1-Tassignon - SolarDyes - Fédération Wallonie Bruxelle

Cropping Practices and Effects on Soil Nutrient Adequacy Levels and Cassava Yield of Smallholder Farmers in Northern Zambia

Cassava is a staple food and a major source of income for many smallholder farmers. However, its yields are less than 6 t ha-1 compared to a potential yield of 20-25 t ha-1 in Zambia. Understanding cropping practices and constraints in cassava production systems is imperative for sustainable intensification. Therefore, a survey of 40 households each with three fields of cassava at 12, 24, and 36 months after planting (MAP) was conducted. Analyzed soil data, leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, and management practices from 120 fields were collected and subjected to descriptive statistics. To explain yield differences within the same cassava growth stage group, the data were grouped into low- and high-yield categories using the median, before applying a nonparametric test for one independent sample. Stepwise regressions were performed on each growth stage and the whole dataset to determine factors affecting tuber yield. Cassava intercropping and monocropping systems were the main cropping systems for the 12 and 24-36 MAP, respectively. Cassava yields declined by 209 and 633 kg ha-1 at 12 and 36 MAP due to soil nutrient depletion for each year of cultivation until field abandonment at 8-9 years. Fresh cassava yields ranged from 3.51-8.51, 13.52-25.84, and 16.92-30.98 t ha-1 at 12, 24, and 36 MAP, respectively. For every one unit increment in exchangeable K (cmol (+)/kg soil), cassava yield increased by 435, 268, and 406 kg ha-1 at 12, 24, and 36 MAP, respectively. One unit increment of magnesium (cmol (+)/kg soil) gave the highest yield increase of 525 kg ha-1 at 24 MAP. The low levels of soil organic carbon explained the deficient nitrogen in cassava fields, which limits the LAI growth and consequently reduced intercepted radiation and low yields. The effect of exchangeable K on growth was limited by the moderate availability of Mg and low N, thus the need for balanced fertilizer regimes. © 2021 Peter Kaluba et al

Effect of the nature and the position of defects on the chiral expression in poly(3-alkylthiophene)s

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