Training Needs Analysis for Non-gazetted Police Personnel: an Empirical Study of Commissionerate Police in Odisha

A Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is used to assess an organization's training needs. The root of the TNA is the gap analysis. This is an assessment of the gap between the KSA components that the people in the organization currently possess and the KSA that they require to meet the organization's objectives. The training needs assessment is best conducted up front before training solutions are budgeted, designed and delivered. Professional policing promotes the rule of law and can support economic growth and improve the lives of the poor by protecting them from crime. The police personnel has a vital role in a parliamentary democracy. The society perceives them as custodians of law and order and providing safety and security to all. This essentially involves continuous police-public interface. In India, the police are often perceived as corrupt, ineffective and brutal, stemming from a plethora of systemic, organizational and behavioral challenges. Officers themselves report feeling unsatisfied, overworked and neglected by the system. The recommendations of the National Police Commission (1977-81) have suggested several measures to improve the standard of policing; however, seldom have they been implemented by successive governments. In the present study, four objectives have been formulated

The Acceptability of Rhetorical Question Translation in Five on a Treasure Island by Enid Blyton

This study aims to identify the function of rhetorical questions and to describe the quality of the translation in terms of acceptability on the novel of Five On A Treasure Island by Enid Blyton and its Indonesian translation Lima Sekawan Di Pulau Harta translated by Agus Setiadi. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative with content analysis and focus group discussion (FGD). The findings are: there are 14 functions of rhetorical questions from 177 data identified, namely: to confirm (71 data), to show surprise (36 data), emphasize a known fact (12 data), to suggest (11 data), to persuade (10 data), to show uncertainty (8 data), to show amazement (8 data), to command (6 data), to request (4 data), to show angry (3 data), to show confusion (3 data), to complain (2 data), to introduce a new topic (2 data), and to admonish (1 data). There are 9 new functions of rhetorical questions that have not been identified from Larson's concept (1998) and from FGD shows the quality of rhetorical questions translation in terms of acceptability of the novel is high quality translation. The results of this study is rhetorical question represents many functions in conversation and the translator should be wisely in understanding the intention of rhetorical questions in the source text

Does the Axillary Lymph Node Ratio Have Any Added Prognostic Value over pN Staging for South East Asian Breast Cancer Patients?

10.1371/journal.pone.0045809PLoS ONE79

Exploring prospective forested wetland — Actinomycetes for biodeterioration of genotoxic textile azo dyes

344-354Disposal of synthetic textile dye effluents into waterbodies is a major cause of water pollution and undesirable toxicity on aquatic organisms affecting their metabolic and hormonal cycles. Moreover, it affects human health significantly by carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study targets the biotreatment of azo dyes as a green eco-friendly tool using the tropical mangrove actinomycete, Streptomyces coelicolor strain SPR7, that manifests versatile decolourization of azo dyes. The highest decolourization rate (97.5%) was achieved using Methylene Blue (MB) within 72 h under the optimal conditions. Molecular docking analysis was accomplished by Autodock software, to discern docking score, binding pocket residues and interaction of azoreductase, DyP-type peroxidase and laccase with MB. The in vitro findings were highly correlating with in silico appraisals. UV-vis spectrometry, HPLC and FTIR were validating the MB biodecolourization and degradation. Interestingly, the strain detoxified MB viz. further validated by the Vigna radiata toxicity assay. Supplementarily, azo reductase was assessed to be the key biocatalyst for decolourization, while other two enzymes were involved in further mineralization of decolourized metabolites. Henceforth, a coupled in silico cum biological dye deterioration is a booming strategy for an economical, eco-friendly and time saving bioremediation to reuse textile wastewater

Techno-Based Services: An Alternative Way of Banking in India

Indian economic policy has been founded on the philosophy of economic growth with social justice. It is against this background that we have to assess the steps taken by the Indian banking system during the recent past which makes a significant departure from the beaten track of traditional banking . Intense competition among the banks has redefined the concept of the entire banking system. The banks are looking for new ways not only to attract but also to retain the customers and gain competitive advantage over their competitors through universal banking and relationship banking. India’s banking system has seen some major financial innovations in the past decade as well as steps to promote financial inclusion, schemes that aim to take banking services to yet-to-be-banked areas. The various innovations in banking and financial sector are ECS, RTGS, EFT, NEFT, ATM, Retail Banking, Debit &Credit Cards, free advisory services, implementation of standing instructions of customers, payments of utility bills, fund transfers, internet banking, telephone banking, mobile banking, selling insurance products, issue of free cheque books, traveller’s cheques and many more value added services. Banking through internet has emerged as a strategic resource for achieving higher efficiency, control of operations and reduction of cost by replacing paper based and labour intensive methods with automated processes thus leading to higher productivity and profitability. Financial innovation associated with technological change totally changed the banking philosophy and that is further tuned by the competition in the banking industry. Challenging business environment within the banking system create more innovation in the fields of product, process and market. . Keywords: Internet banking, financial innovation, ATM, Credit Card

Having diabetes and having to fast: A qualitative study of British Muslims with diabetes

Background: There are approximately 2.7 million Muslims in the UK, constituting 4.8% of the population. It is estimated that 325000 UK Muslims have diabetes. Whilst dietary practices of Muslims with diabetes have been explored, little work has described the beliefs and decisions to fast during Ramadan, whereby Muslims with diabetes refrain from eating, drinking and taking medication between sunrise and sunset. Objective: To explore beliefs and experiences of fasting during Ramadan of Muslim respondents with diabetes and their perceptions of the role played by their general practitioner (GP) and/or practice nurse (PN) in supporting them. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: General practices and community groups located in Greater Manchester. Participants: 23 South Asian Muslims. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted as part of the Collaboration of Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) programme, Greater Manchester. Respondents were recruited using random and purposive sampling techniques. Interviews were analysed thematically using a constant comparison approach. Results: Thirteen respondents reported they fasted and altered diabetes medication and diet during Ramadan. The decision to fast was influenced by pressures from the family and the collective social aspect of fasting, and respondents made limited contact with primary care during fasting. Conclusion: Tensions exist between the respondent's personal desire to fast or not fast and their family's opinion on the matter, with a strong reluctance to disclose fasting to GP and/or PN. Future research needs to explore whether GPs or PNs feel competent enough to support patients who wish to fast

Predicting survival of de novo metastatic breast cancer in Asian women: Systematic review and validation study

10.1371/journal.pone.0093755PLoS ONE94-POLN