DO SPORTFISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES AFFECT RESERVOIR ANGLERS' SITE CHOICE?

Increasing numbers of freshwater ecosystems have had sportfish consumption advisories posted in recent years. Advisories are sometimes issued in lieu of environmental remediation if they are considered more cost-effective than "cleaning up" the resource, but this approach assumes that anglers adjust behavior in response to the warning. Previous studies, however, suggest that compliance with advisories can be quite low. In contrast, this study measures a statistically significant response by reservoir anglers to consumption advisories. In particular, anglers are less likely to choose to visit a reservoir with an advisory than a similar reservoir without an advisory. Furthermore, the economic losses due to advisories are quantified for anglers in two regions of Tennessee.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

On magnetic structure of CuFe2Ge2: constrains from the 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy

57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements were performed on a powdered CuFe2Ge2 sample that orders antiferromagnetically at ~ 175 K. Whereas a paramagnetic doublet was observed above the Neel temperature, a superposition of paramagnetic doublet and magnetic sextet (in approximately 0.5 : 0.5 ratio) was observed in the magnetically ordered state, suggesting a magnetic structure similar to a double-Q spin density wave with half of the Fe paramagnetic and another half bearing static moment of ~ 0.5 - 1 mu_B. These results call for a re-evaluation of the recent neutron scattering data and band structure calculations

Dissecting the visual perception of body shape with the Garner selective attention paradigm

The visual appearance of bodies provides important social cues - how are they extracted? We studied two socially-relevant dimensions that are revealed in static body shape – sex and weight. Three experiments using the Garner selective-attention paradigm, in the first such application for body stimuli, found that when making sex judgements, body weight was successfully filtered; however, when judging weight, variation in sex could not be ignored. This asymmetric pattern was not due to differences in the perceptual salience of the dimensions. It suggests a parallel-contingent process where sex and weight are processed concurrently, and ongoing analysis of sex influences processing of weight. A priming experiment supported that view: verbal pre-cues to the sex of a body influenced categorisation of its weight, but weight cues did not influence sex categorisation. This architecture reflects relationships between the shape cues to body weight and sex that are present in the social environment

Growth and characterization of BaZnGa

We report the growth, structure and characterization of BaZnGa, identifying it as the sole known ternary compound in the Ba-Zn-Ga system. Single crystals of BaZnGa can be grown out of excess Ba-Zn and adopt a tI36 structure type. There are three unique Ba sites and three M\,=\,Zn/Ga sites. Using DFT calculations we can argue that whereas one of these three M sites is probably solely occupied by Ga, the other two M sites, most likely, have mixed Zn/Ga occupancy. Temperature dependent resistivity and magnetization measurements suggest that BaZnGa is a poor metal with no electronic or magnetic phase transitions between 2\,K and 300\,K

The Sight of Others' Pain Modulates Motor Processing in Human Cingulate Cortex

Neuroimaging evidence has shown that a network including cingulate cortex and bilateral insula responds to both felt and seen pain. Of these, dorsal anterior cingulate and midcingulate areas are involved in preparing context-appropriate motor responses to painful situations, but it is unclear whether the same holds for observed pain. Participants in this functional magnetic resonance imaging study viewed short animations depicting a noxious implement (e.g., a sharp knife) or an innocuous implement (e.g., a butter knife) striking a person's hand. Participants were required to execute or suppress button-press responses depending on whether the implements hit or missed the hand. The combination of the implement's noxiousness and whether it contacted the hand strongly affected reaction times, with the fastest responses to noxious-hit trials. Blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes mirrored this behavioral interaction with increased activation during noxious-hit trials only in midcingulate, dorsal anterior, and dorsal posterior cingulate regions. Crucially, the activation in these cingulate regions also depended on whether the subject made an overt motor response to the event, linking their role in pain observation to their role in motor processing. This study also suggests a functional topography in medial premotor regions implicated in "pain empathy,” with adjacent activations relating to pain-selective and motor-selective components, and their interactio

Modelling the chemistry of Mn-doped MgO for bulk and (100) surfaces

We have investigated the energetic properties of Mn-doped MgO bulk and (100) surfaces using a QM/MM embedding computational method, calculating the formation energy for doped systems, as well as for surface defects, and the subsequent effect on chemical reactivity. Low-concentration Mn doping is endothermic for isovalent species in the bulk but exothermic for higher oxidation states under p-type conditions, and compensated by electrons going to the Fermi level rather than cation vacancies. The highest occupied dopant Mn 3d states are positioned in the MgO band gap, about 4.2 eV below the vacuum level. Surface Mn-doping is more favourable than subsurface doping, and marginally exothermic on a (100) surface at high O2 pressures. For both types of isovalent Mn-doped (100) surfaces, the formation energy for catalytically important oxygen defects is less than for pristine MgO, with F0 and F2+-centres favoured in n- and p-type conditions, respectively. In addition, F+-centres are stabilised by favourable exchange coupling between the Mn 3d states and the vacancy-localised electrons, as verified through calculation of the vertical ionisation potential. The adsorption of CO2 on to the pristine and defective (100) surface is used as a probe of chemical reactivity, with isovalent subsurface Mn dopants mildly affecting reactivity, whereas isovalent surface-positioned Mn strongly alters the chemical interactions between the substrate and adsorbate. The differing chemical reactivity, when compared to pristine MgO, justifies further detailed investigations for more varied oxidation states and dopant species