The incorporation of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterol esters during cheesemaking does not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis throughout and after the end of ripening

Tocopherols and phytosterols are lipid-soluble molecules which have been widely used in the food industry. Nevertheless, the influence of these compounds on the performance of starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) in fermented foods has received little attention. Here, we assessed the behavior of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis during the ripening of a functional Port Salut light cheese elaborated with these SLAB and with alpha-tocopherol and phytosterol esters as bioactive molecules. Functional and control cheeses were manufactured at an industrial plant and sampled at 7, 21, 40, 60 and 90 days after elaboration for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Target DNA and mRNA from both SLAB were detected after 90 days of elaboration in both functional and control cheeses, supporting their potential role in generating flavor metabolites. Furthermore, here we showed for the first time that the addition of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterols did not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of these SLAB during cheesemaking, throughout and after the end of ripening. Therefore, our results support the use of cheese manufactured with both S. thermophilus and L. lactis as an optimal delivery system for these beneficial bioactive compounds.Fil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ruzal, Sandra Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nanni, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développerment; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

PELATIHAN TARIAN KATAGA DI SANGGAAR PEKAA DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KEBUGARAN AEROBIK DAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA REMAJA SUMBA DI BALI

Kebugaran fisik adalah kemampuan tubuh untuk melakukan tugas dan pekerjaan sehari-hari dengan giat, tanpa mengalami kelelahan yang berarti serta dengan cadangan energi. Unsur-unsur ini  berkaitan dengan proses latihan yang dilakukan oleh olahragawan atau penari sehingga bisa mempersiapkan kondisi fisik agar selalu prima. Pelatihan tari Kataga merupakan latihan dengan beban berat tubuh dengan cara menjaga keseimbangan serta meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh yang kuat. Bentuk latihan lain adalah pelatihan aerobik, merupakan aktivitas olahraga secara sistematis dengan peningkatan beban secara bertahap dan terus menerus yang menggunakan energi hasil pembakaran dengan menggunakan oksigen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kebugaran fisik remaja Sumba di Sanggar Pekaa Bali. Jenis penelitian menggunakan with control group desain. Subjek penelitian remaja Sumba di Sanggar Pekaa Bali berjumlah 20 orang dan dibagi dalam dua Kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda. Kelompok I diberikan pelatihan tari Kataga dan Kelompok II diberikan latihan aerobik dengan frekuensi latihan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Berdasarkan uji statistik parametrik paired-sample t test dengan p-value 0,00 < 0,05. Squat - kekuatan tungkai bawah, Sit Up - kekuatan otot core, Pull Up - kekuatan otot lengan, Lari 1,4 m - kebugaran aerobik. Berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh peningkatan kemampuan aerobik dan kekuatan otot yang bermakna sebelum dan setelah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok. Jumlah repetisi Squat, Sit Up, Pull Up sebelum latihan pada kelompok 1 sebesar 19,6, 15,9, 15,5, dan setelah latihan sebesar 25,9, 23,2, 19,4 Pada kelompok 2 diperoleh hasil 14,9, 16,7, 17.8, dan setelah latihan sebesar 20,3, 23,6, 21,7.  Untuk kebugaran aerobik diperoleh hasil waktu tempuh lari 1,4 km pada kelompok 1 sebelum perlakuan sebesar 7,83 menit, dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 19,34 menit Pada Kelompok 2 diperoleh hasil 9,73 dan 23,26. Uji statistik antar kelompok menunjukkan bahwa hasil latihan pada kelompok 1 memiliki data bermakna dari kelompok 2. Simpulan Kelompok I dan Kelompok II sama-sama memberi efek peningkatan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dan kelompok I (Kataga) lebih meningkatkan kebugaran fisik dari pada Kelompok II (Latihan Aerobik). Saran untuk penelitian ini diharapkan para penari dapat menjaga kebugaran fisiknya agar tetap seha

Effect of Flow Regime Before Distributor on Two-phase Flow Distribution

Conical refrigerant distributors are usually used to improve the distribution of two-phase flow to each circuit of the DX evaporators. A nozzle is commonly added before a cone to homogenize two-phase flow and that way unify distribution among channels. However, when the nozzle is not properly sized or, in some cases, there is no nozzle, the distributor performance is much affected by the flow regimes at the distributor inlet. This paper presents the effect of the flow regime at the distributor inlet on the uniformity of two-phase flow distribution. In this case, the flow regime is determined by mass flux, quality, and distance from the expansion device. A high-speed camera is used to visualize the two-phase flow regimes between the expansion valve and distributor. The same technique is also used to interrogate the flow regime inside the distributor. We relate the distributor performance with flow regimes at the distributor inlet to understand the two-phase distribution behavior. The experiments using the distributor with the original design is set as the baseline. After acquiring results for the baseline situation, we implemented two approaches to change the flow regime at the distributor inlet besides changing the operating conditions. The first is adding an orifice to remix the two-phase flow, and the second is increasing the distance between the distributor and the expansion valve to make the two-phase flow fully developed. The average deviations of capacity for each branch are 6-10% for the baseline case, less than 2% for the distributor with an orifice, and 20% for the distributor with a 600mm inlet tube

Heat Transfer of Condensation in Smooth Round Tube from Superheated Vapor

Heat transfer of R134a condensing in a horizontal smooth round tube with 6.1 mm inner diameter is invested in this study. Experimental results on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) with mass flux from 50 to 200 kg m-2 s-1 and heat flux from 5 to 15 kW m-2 are provided. Heat transfer behavior is compared between condensing superheated (CSH) region and two-phase (TP) region. Experimental result shows that in TP region, higher mass flux results in higher HTC while heat flux does not affect HTC. In CSH region, however, mass flux does not affect HTC while HTC increases when heat flux increases. Based on the flow characterization, the heat transfer behavior in CSH region is contrary to that suggested by liquid film geometry, where higher mass flux means thinner film whose HTC is higher and heat flux does not alter HTC a lot. In addition, the consistent peak of HTC at quality one cannot be physically explained while the reason for the counterintuitive heat transfer behavior actually lies in the conventional definition of HTC. Therefore, a new definition of heat transfer coefficient, described as “film heat transfer coefficient†is proposed to better represent the physics and serve as a preparation for the new heat transfer model

PERLINDUNGAN HAK CIPTA SENI MOTIF KONTEMPORER TENUN IKAT SIKKA

Indonesia merupakan negara yang banyak memiliki keanekaragaman seni tradisional, budaya dan adat istiadat. Keanekaragaman tersebut harus dijaga keberadaannya agar jangan sampai punah. Salah satu seni tradisional yang ada di Indonesia adalah seni motif tenun ikat. Salah satu daerah yang menghasilkan tenun ikat di Indonesia adalah Kabupaten Sikka yang terletak di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tenun ikat Sikka memiliki banyak motif, baik itu motif tradisional motif baru atau kontemporer. Motif-motif tenun ikat Sikka merupakan kekayaan intelektual yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan tenaga, waktu dan biaya, sehingga seni motif ini perlu mendapatkan perlindungan. Baik motif tradisional maupun motif kontemporer perlu mendapatkan perlindungan.Motif tenun ikat Sikka yang merupakan motif tradisional berdasarkan Pasal 38 UUHC 2014 dipegang oleh Negara sedangkan untuk motif kontemporer diatur di dalam Pasal 40. Permasalahan terjadi karena saat ini banyak motif kontemporer Tenun Ikat Sikka yang belum dicatatkan oleh para pencipta motif tersebut, dengan tidak mencatatkan ciptaannya tersebut maka akansulit pada saat pembuktian pada saat terjadi sengketa nantinya. Rumusan masalah pada tesis ini terdiri atas  dua, yaitu faktor-faktor apa yang menjadi penghambat dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak cipta atas  seni motif  kontemporer Tenun Ikat Sikka dan  upaya yang dilakukan pencipta motif dan pemerintah Kabupaten Sikka untuk mengatasi hambatan dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak cipta atas seni motif kontemporer Tenun Ikat Sikka. Rumusan pertama dianalisis menggunakan Teori Efektivitas Hukum dari Soerjono Soekanto dan Teori Perlindungan Hukum dari Philipus M. Hadjon. Rumusan masalah kedua dianalisis  menggunakan Teori Tanggungjawab dari Mustari. Penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian empiris

Mass Measurement, Visualization and Signal Pattern Based Calibration of Capacitive Sensors for Measuring Void Fraction in Headers

This paper presents the calibration procedures of the capacitive sensors for measuring void fraction in headers with R134a. The sensors utilize the difference of dielectric constants between the liquid and vapor phases of the two-phase mixture. The 3D printed header has eleven microchannel-tube protrusions. Eleven capacitive sensors are located between protrusions. All sensors are made to be identical as much as possible in the manual fabrication procedures. Because the electric field within each sensor is not perfectly uniform, sensors need to be calibrated before measuring void fraction. Another transparent 3D printed header with the same inner geometry is installed at the same location of the facility for visualization and pressure drop measurement purposes. By controlling valves, the flow is directed to either header. The calibration is based on three methods: mass measurement (quick-closing valves, QCV), visualization (with a high-speed camera), and capacitive signals obtained from eleven individual sensors. After the calibration procedure, all sensors are ready to measure the void fraction in vertical headers

Experimental Study on Microchannel and Round Tube Plate Fin Evaporators in a Residential Air Conditioning System

The performance of two evaporators (round tube plate fin and microchannel) and their effect on system performances were experimentally investigated in R410a residential air conditioning systems. Both systems share identical components except evaporators and system performance were measured under AHRI A, B and C conditions. Under all test conditions, the system with the microchannel evaporator outperformed the baseline system with the round tube plate fin evaporator. Up to 10.6% increase of capacity and 13.1% increase of COP were achieved if both systems were operated under the same compressor speed. Up to 23.8% improvement of COP was obtained if the cooling capacities of both systems were kept the same. The refrigerant charge was reduced by 13.4% compared with the baseline system, due to the smaller internal volume of the microchannel evaporator. The air side heat transfer area of microchannel evaporator was just ½ of the baseline round tube plate fin evaporator, and so was the face area

Visualization and Simulation of Oil Flow in a Scroll Compressor Plenum

Discharge valves located in the compressor plenum are the gateway for the lubrication oil to leave the compressor to the system. The space of compressor plenum has the potential to separate oil droplets which can decrease the oil circulation ratio. In this paper, video processing method is used to capture the oil droplets distribution near the discharge valve and in the discharge tube in a running system. Discrete phase model in computational fluid dynamics is used as the numerical approach to study the oil flow inside compressor plenum. To validate the CFD simulation, size distribution from video processing at the valve is used as the input of the calculation and the calculation results are compared to size distribution in the discharge tube. Calculation shows how oil droplets are size distribution affect the oil flow in the plenum.