An Interview with Commissioner Mark B. McClellan, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

AEI-Brookings Joint Center Senior Fellow Judyth Pendell interviews FDA Commissioner Mark B. McClellan about liability, innovation and policy objectives.

The Adverse Side Effects of Pharmaceutical Litigation

Prior research has demonstrated that a fear of unwarranted medical malpractice liability causes doctors and other healthcare practitioners to engage in self-protective activities, such as ordering unnecessary tests or treatments. This paper examines the impact that the liability system could have on prescription drug use. It reports on a Harris poll of doctors, pharmacists and patients. Situations where patients fail to receive appropriate medications as a direct result of the liability system are revealed. It recommends reforms that allow healthcare professionals to know with greater certainty which actions are likely to result in liability. A PowerPoint presentation on "Pharmaceutical Liability Study Report on Findings" prepared for the U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform can be viewed at http://www.aei-brookings.org/admin/pdffiles/phpgm.pdf .Health and Safety, Regulatory Reform

リーダーシップトジョセイロールモデルニヨルシゲキテキエイゴガクシュウ

Learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) taught through leadership models exhibited by women concomitantly develops English communication and critical thinking as students assess and appreciate women in leadership roles. The class, Lady Leaders, provided a creative curriculum with content at completion formatted into a Lady Leader Magazine, AKA scrapbook, which incorporated inspirations and the qualities of women leaders, choosing a personal Lady Leader, interviews and preferences in contemporary interests including fashion, health, fitness and romance. Individual creativity was expressed by generating an original magazine title with a tag line or slogan. This paper will discuss the transformational process of leadership learning and using woman leaders as applied in EFL pedagogy for a Japanese university class

Impact of Mandatory Price Reporting on Fed Cattle Market Integration

Geographic fed cattle markets are important because cattle are bulky and perishable, and production and consumption areas are separated. These characteristics make cattle transportation costly and can contribute to segmented markets. This study uses USDA-AMS reported fed cattle market price data from five U.S. regional fed cattle markets to investigate the effects of mandatory price reporting on spatial market integration. Results indicate these markets have been, and remain, highly cointegrated after implementation of mandatory price reporting (MPR). Following introduction of mandatory price reporting, the five regional fed cattle markets have become more fully integrated (i.e., prices tend to move more closely one-for-one following introduction of MPR).cattle markets, cointegration, mandatory price reporting, market integration, regime shift, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,

Leadership, Culture & Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable development in emerging economies that simultaneously preserves cultural identity can be realized by implementing a simple social business model, the profits of which fund sustainable tourism leadership venture. Social business models, rooted in the community, provide jobs and opportunities for local people. Profits typically provide funds for training and/or education that acquiesce to the global market in service-oriented, low pay and low social status situations. Endeavors that preserve local cultures are often found separately in sustainable tourism models. These models provide tourist experiences with face-to-face communication instead of voyeuristic photo-op excursions where tourists remain separated economically and culturally. Furthermore, as locals develop and coordinate these activities, their status changes from those who serve to those who lead. Although this is valuable for participant and tourist alike, funding of sustainable tourism can be problematic. However, by merging these models, not only is the community served, the profits provide reliable local income for leadership in the development of sustainable tourism. With the playing field leveled, locals gain pride and, in the process, preserve cultural identity. World peace is cultivated in the richness of meaningful moments in everyday life and the power of these exchanges. This paper will review social business, sustainable tourism models and the Lombok, Indonesia research journey that was the inspiration to merge these models into a sustainable venture

SPATIAL MARKET INTEGRATION IN REGIONAL CATTLE MARKETS

Geographic markets are extremely important to agriculture because agricultural products are bulky and/or perishable and production and consumption areas are separated. This study investigates how mandatory price reporting has influenced the degree of spatial market integration between U.S. regional fed cattle markets. Results indicate the market prices across the regional cattle markets are cointegrated. In addition, the amount of time it took for one market to react to the other markets change in price varied across the three time periods used in this study. This suggests mandatory price reporting has not substantially increased market integration.Industrial Organization,

EFFECT OF CAPTIVE SUPPLY ON FARM-TO-WHOLESALE BEEF MARKETING MARGIN

Debates about captive supplies have been ongoing for more than a decade. This study investigates the effects captive supplies have on the beef farm-to-wholesale marketing margin. A relative price spread (RPS) model is used to estimate beef farm-to-wholesale marketing margins. Estimates indicate that forward contracts and marketing agreements have a small positive relationship with margins that is marginally significant. Packer fed cattle may or may not be related to margins to depending upon model specification.Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,