The War on Drugs: An Analysis of the Rhetoric According to Richard Weaver’s Theory of Ultimate Terms

The language associated with President Nixon’s ‘war on drugs’ has sparked considerable debate in the political struggle against narcotics\u27 abuse and crime, as well as within scholarly research. There is a language associated with the debate and it reflects the primary considerations of policy makers- economics, criminal behavior, and morality. The present study discusses these qualities as well as the rhetorical ideas of Richard Weaver, specifically his theory of ultimate terms. Then, discussions within research show the discontent that scholars bear towards narcotics\u27-related language. Specifically, there is concern that the rhetoric may stigmatize certain populations and hinder better outcomes. As such, the researcher analyzed four speeches under the Nixon, Regan, Bush Sr. and Obama administration, to examine the kind of language used and to draw trends. Weaver’s theory of ultimate terms- using god and devil terms- was applied; select words were graphed according to their context within this framework. Then, patterns and trends were discussed. It was found that, through language, a stigma was present, and that the primary emotion appealed to was fear. The researcher then concluded that scholarly concern with the language was merited. Finally, the ethics of the language was discussed, according to Richard Weaver and according to the Judeo-Christian perspective. In summary, the language, through the analysis of words according to ultimate terms, fell short of ethical responsibilitie

Asistencia al paciente obeso mórbido sometido a la cirugía bariátrica: dificultades del enfermero

OBJETIVO: Identificar as dificuldades de enfermeiros de centro cirúrgico ao assistir pacientes obesos mórbidos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no período transoperatório. MÉTODOS: A amostra constou de 70 enfermeiros com experiência em assistência ao paciente obeso mórbido. Os dados foram coletados durante o 7º Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermeiros de Centro Cirúrgico, Recuperação Anestésica e Centro de Material e Esterilização por meio de um questionário. RESULTADOS: A análise dos resultados apontou como dificuldades aquelas relacionadas ao espaço físico, materiais e equipamentos e à assistência de enfermagem específica ao paciente obeso mórbido. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento específico, a especialização e a experiência em Centro Cirúrgico darão o conforto, a segurança física e emocional necessárias a estes pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To identify the challenges for nurses during the perioperative for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: The sample consisted of 70 nurses who had experience in providing care for morbid obese patients. Data were collected from nurses who were participating in the 7th Brazilian Congress on Perioperative Nursing Care, Post Anesthesia Care, and Central Supply and Sterilization using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Challenges included inadequate space in operating rooms, inadequate material and equipments, and having specific nursing skills to care for the morbid obese patients. CONCLUSION: Developing specific knowledge and skills and having specialization and clinical experience in the operation room will equip nurses to provide quality care, comfort, physical and emotional safety to attend the need of morbid obese patients.OBJETIVO: Identificar las dificultades de enfermeros de centro quirúrgico en el cuidado a pacientes obesos mórbidos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en el período transoperatorio. MÉTODOS: La muestra constó de 70 enfermeros con experiencia en asistencia al paciente obeso mórbido. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario durante el 7º Congreso Brasileño de Enfermeros de Centro Quirúrgico, Recuperación Anestésica y Centro de Material y Esterilización. RESULTADOS: El análisis de los resultados identificó como dificultades aquellas relacionadas al espacio físico, materiales y equipos y a la asistencia de enfermería específica al paciente obeso mórbido. CONCLUSIÓN: El conocimiento específico, la especialización y la experiencia en Centro Quirúrgico darán el confort, la seguridad física y emocional que necesitan estos pacientes

The environmental impact of international tourism: the carbon footprint of international flights to Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico

En este documento se analizó que, si bien el sector turístico ha sido de gran importancia para la economía mexicana en los últimos años, el impacto socio ambiental de esta actividad económica es elevado. En el artículo que se presenta y se explora el subsidio ambiental de la actividad turística: la huella de carbono producida por los vuelos internacionales en el caso de uno de los destinos turísticos de sol y playa más importantes de México, como lo es Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. El objetivo del estudio consiste en indagar una estimación de la huella de carbono de los vuelos internacionales y de su costo económico en donde se presenta. El material que se utilizó fue la calculadora de emisiones de la ICAO, esta calculadora de emisiones permitió conocer la huella aproximada por cada vuelo de origen hacia Puerto Vallarta, posteriormente se estimó la huella de carbono por persona y la huella de carbono total generada. Los resultados encontrados has sido de considerar para el sector turístico, en específico la asociación internacionales de transporte aéreo (IATA), se evidencio en el estudio que el flujo de vuelos a Puerto Vallarta ha aumentado y como consecuencia el impacto ambiental es alto; ante esto, consideramos la necesidad la aplicación de un modelo de distribución del costo entre las aerolíneas, el establecimiento de nuevas condiciones de mercado de acuerdo a las elasticidades de demanda de los servicios turísticos y la política de conservación de los bosques con el fin de proteger el medio ambiente.Although the tourism industry has been of great importance for the Mexican economy in recent years, the socio-environmental impact of this economic activity is high. This article explores a particular aspect of the environmental effect of tourism: the carbon footprint produced by international flights in the case of one of the most important sun and beach tourist destinations in Mexico, namely Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon footprint of international flights and their economic cost. The material that was used was the ICAO emission calculator, this emission calculator enables the approximate footprint for each flight to Puerto Vallarta to be calculated and, in turn, the carbon footprint per person and the total carbon footprint generated. The results found are significant for the tourism industry, specifically the International Air Transport Association (IATA). They reveal that the flow of flights to Puerto Vallarta has increased and as a consequence the environmental impact is high. As result of this research, we consider it necessary to implement a cost distribution model among airlines, establish new market conditions according to the demand elasticity of tourism services and implement a forest conservation policy in order to protect the environment

Protecting Free-Living Dormice: Molecular Identification of Cestode Parasites in Captive Dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) Destined for Reintroduction

The success of any population translocation programme relies heavily on the measures implemented to control and monitor the spread of disease. Without these measures, programmes run the risk of releasing immunologically naïve species or, more dangerously, introducing novel infectious agents to native populations. As a precaution, a reintroduction programme for the common or hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, in England screens dormice before release following captive breeding. Using PCR sequencing of a range of genes, we tested whether the same species of tapeworm(s) were present in captive and free-living dormice. Whilst only Rodentolepis straminea were identified in free-living dormice, cestode ova found in a captive individual produced a molecular match closely related to Hymenolepis microstoma and a previously unrecorded Rodentolepis species. To prevent putting at risk the free-living population, we recommended the continued treatment of dormice showing tapeworm infection before release. Our work demonstrates how molecular techniques can be used to inform reintroduction programmes, reduce risk from disease and increase chances of reintroduction success

Pupal surveys for Aedes aegypti surveillance and potential targeted control in residential areas of Mérida, México.

A mosquito larval-pupal survey was conducted in 1,160 households of the Mexican city of Mérida during the rainy season of 2003 to determine their differential productivity for Aedes aegypti. Larvae and pupae were detected in 15 broad categories of container types. All breeding sites were found in the patios (backyards) and were potentially rain filled. Ae. aegypti pupae were produced from all categories of breeding site, and no single container type was predominately responsible for pupal production. The most productive buckets comprised 42% of the pupae-positive containers and provided 34% of the total pupae collected. Pupal production in buckets, together with plastic rubbish, pet dishes and basins, utensils for cooking and washing, tires, and flowerpots, accounted for almost 87% of pupal production. However, the most important pupal producers had low infestation indices for immature forms, illustrating that the use of positive-container indices can underestimate the importance of certain breeding sites. Overall, 40% of containers that were observed harboring Ae. aegypti pupae were classified as disposable. The remaining containers were considered useful, although some were seldom used. The discussion focuses on the potential utility of the pupal survey for targeting control, and its resulting pupae-per-person entomological indicator, both for comparison with a theoretical threshold for dengue transmission and for targeting vector control in this Mexican city

Trends in frequency and prevalence of oral cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma in mexicans. A 20 years retrospective study

Objective. To establish the time trends of the frequency and prevalence of oral cavity cancer in regard to age and gender in a 20-years (time period 1989 ? 2008) cohort of Mexicans. Design and Setting. 13,235 head and neck biopsies from the archive of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico were revised. The cases with diagnoses of oral cancer were selected. Gender and age at diagnosis was obtained from medical records. The frequency and prevalence of oral cavity cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma were assessed biannually in regard to the total number of population served by the oral pathology laboratory. The statistical significance of trends was established using the linear logistic regression (curve estimation) test (s 0.05). Results. 298 cases (138 males; 160 females) of oral cancer were included; 167 (92 females; 75 males; female:male ratio: 1.1:1) corresponded to oral squamous cell carcinoma. From 1989 to 2008 the prevalence of oral cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma increased 200% (s 0.05) and 100% (s 0.000) respectively. The increase of frequency and prevalence was observed in both genders however only in females was significant (s 0.000). We do not identify changes in the age at diagnosis. Conclusions. Oral cancer, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma, has increase in Mexicans females in the last 20 years

Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirms shooting of a hen harrier (Circus cyaneus)

The hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) remains severely restricted as a breeding species in England despite sufficient habitat for over 300 breeding pairs. Human persecution is the main limiting factor and in the UK, there have been 45 confirmed incidents of shooting of hen harriers since records began (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds unpublished data). The authors report the pathological examination of a hen harrier, the detection of suspected ballistic fragments by radiograph and explain how scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to confirm (i) the composition of one ballistic remnant and (ii) that the remnant had been projected into and had damaged the bone. The authors report the use of post-analysis software to discriminate apparent anomalies produced by the proprietary SEM-EDX software package and discuss broader uses of SEM-EDX for wildlife crime investigation