Notice of nodosaur (Dinosauria, Ankylosauria) remains from the mid-Cretaceous of Cambridge, England, with comments on cervical half-ring armour

Three pieces from cervical half-rings of an immature nodosaur, part of a nodosaurid presacral rod and some post-cranial osteoderms from the Cretaceous of Cambridge were studied at the Booth Museum of Natural History, Brighton, UK. Two of the three half-ring elements show dorsal ridge morphologies distinct from each other, and all three have unfused sutured lateral borders. It is possible they may be derived from the same animal. Comparison with other material from the Cretaceous of Europe, USA and Asia indicates the presence of a large nodosaurid in the Cambridge Greensand fauna, with cervical half-ring morphologies similar to North American taxa, but unlike any previously known from the European Cretaceous

Strategies for Optimizing Female Athlete Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Mitigate Stress Fractures and Minimize Missed Participation in Collegiate Sports

Background: If not recognized early, low energy availability, along with overtraining, may result in stress fractures and significant time lost from sports participation for athletes at any level. Objective/Aim: The multidisciplinary collegiate medical team plays a key role in early identification of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Density in Sport (RED-S). To help with early identification, which may in turn lead to fewer stress fractures and less time missed from sports participation, this study’s objective was to implement the use of the 2014 Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment (FACTRA) and test early identification. The first research question (RQ1) is does the use of the FATCRA in pre-participation physical examination with female athletes decrease the number of stress fractures and missed participation days? The second and third research questions assessed if nutritional consultation and education by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) increased nutritional risk factor knowledge (RQ2) and understanding (RQ3) for a female athlete that has been identified as at risk by the FACTRA. The overall goal was to add FACTRA as a screening tool to pre-participation physicals. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was designed to include 234 collegiate female student athletes (ages 18-23) across nine sports teams at a Midwestern NCAA Division I university. Athletic Trainers (ATs) and researchers assisted collegiate female student athletes in completing the FATCRA. All athletes with a FACTRA score of \u3e1 were required to participate in nutrition education and consultation with team RDN with emphasis on energy availability. Subsequent referrals were made to the team physician, athletic trainer, and team psychologist, when appropriate. A pre/posttest survey design was utilized to assess if knowledge and understanding of Triad/RED-S improved with nutritional consult and intervention. Final analysis of data examined the incidence of pre-study stress fractures and missed participation days compared to post-study. Results: A 95% reduction in stress fractures and a 94.6% reduction in missed participation days were found as compared to the year prior due to screening, education, and intervention (RQ1). Two Paired Samples t-Tests revealed a statistically significant difference between pre/posttest knowledge t(53) = -9.04, p\u3c .001, d = -1.23 (RQ2) and understanding t(53) = -16.21, p\u3c .001, d = -2.21 (RQ3) of nutrition risk factors. Conclusion: Early identification of at-risk female athletes utilizing the Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment (FACTRA) proved successful. When the full athletic medical team was involved in early identification, screening, and education, this assessment tool, in addition to collaboration and education, proved to be a successful piece of the healthcare team’s goal of reducing stress fractures and missed participation days

A new ankylosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, USA

Oohkotokia horneri gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a specimen in the collections of the Museum of the Rockies, Montana, USA. Oohkotokia exhibits a unique combination of characters not seen in other late Campanian North American ankylosaurids: prominent, horn-like, trihedral squamosal bosses, a small, undistinguished median nasal plate on the dorsal surface of the rostrum, a relatively small occipital condyle, a smooth, finely pitted osteoderm external texture, and triangular lateral osteoderms. Other specimens from the Two Medicine Formation are referable to Oohkotokia. O. horneri, Euoplocephalus tutus, Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus, and Scolosaurus cutleri separate stratigraphically

Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma management

Pharmacologic therapy is used to prevent and control asthma symptoms, improve quality of life, reduce the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations, and reverse airflow obstruction. Evaluating the effectiveness of asthma therapy, including inhaled corticosteroids, should be an ongoing process

<i>Scolosaurus cutleri</i> (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada

The synonymy of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Scolosaurus with Euoplocephalus has been widely accepted since the 1970s. However, Scolosaurus cutleri exhibits differences which separate it from Euoplocephalus tutus and Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus. Although the holotype of Euoplocephalus is fragmentary, several other specimens can be reliably referred to this taxon and thus used for comparison. Scolosaurus differs from Euoplocephalus in cervical half-ring, osteoderm, and forelimb morphology. Scolosaurus differs from Dyoplosaurus primarily in pelvic morphology and osteoderm shape. Recognition of Scolosaurus as a valid taxon adds to the growing concept that the Upper Cretaceous ankylosaurid fauna of North America was more diverse than previously thought. </jats:p