Склад повітря та стан здоров'я людини

В обзоре проанализированы сведения од эволюции газового состава атмосферы Земного шара от протопланетного до современного периода развития. Показана положительная роль биогенного накопления кислорода в воздухе и отрицательные последствия кислородного стресса для организма человека. Рассмотрена биологическая роль электрических свойств воздуха, возможные последствия антропогенных влияний на состояние газовой оболочки Земли и лечебно-профилактические возможности инструментальной оротерапии в реабилитации пациентов в санаторно-курортных учреждениях.In review are analysed data about evolution contents of atmosphere of Earth. It is shown positive role of biogene accumulating in air of oxygen and negative consequences of oxygen stress. It is considered the biologic role of electric properties of air, potential consequences of anthropogenic influences on state atmosphere of Earth and healing and prophylactic possibilities of instrumental orotherapy in rehabilitation of patients on spa and resorts

(Z)-3-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)acrylonitrile

In the title compound, C20H17NO4, the double bond of the acrylonitrile group separating the 1-benzofuran moiety from the 3,4,5-trimeth­oxy­phenyl ring has Z geometry. The 1-benzofuran groups are π–π stacked with inversion-related counterparts such that the furan ring centroid–centroid distance is 3.804 (5) Å. The dihedral angle between the planes of the trimeth­oxy­phenyl ring and the acrylonitrile group is 24.2 (2)°

Crystal structure of ( E

The title compound, C33H35NO6 [systematic name: (Z)-3-(4-{(E)-[(E)-1a,5-dimethyl-9-oxo-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydrooxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-8(1aH,6H,9H,10aH,10bH)-ylidene]methyl}phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile methanol hemisolvate], C33H35NO6·0.5CH3OH, was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile with parthenolide [systematic name: (E)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one] under Heck reaction conditions. The molecule is built up from fused ten-, five- (lactone) and three-membered (epoxide) rings with a {4-[(Z)-2-cyano-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenyl}methylidene group as a substituent. The 4-[(Z)-2-cyano-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenyl group on the parthenolide exocyclic double bond is oriented in a trans position to the lactone ring to form the E isomer. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the phenyl moiety and the lactone ring mean plane is 21.93 (4)°

(Z)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri­methoxy­phen­yl)acrylonitrile

In the title compound, C20H18N2O3, the C=C bond of the acrylonitrile group that links the indole and the 3,4,5-trimeth­oxy­phenyl rings has Z geometry, with dihedral angles between the plane of the acrylonitrile unit and the planes of the benzene and indole ring systems of 21.96 (5) and 38.94 (7)°, respectively. The acrylonitrile group is planar (r.m.s. deviation from planarity = 0.037 Å). Mol­ecules are linked into head-to-tail chains that propagate along the b-axis direction by bifurcated N—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, which form an R 1 2(5) motif between the indole NH group and the two meth­oxy O atoms furthest from the nitrile group

Crystal Structure of (\u3cem\u3eE\u3c/em\u3e)-13-(pyrimidin-5-yl)parthenolide

The title compound, C19H22N2O3, {systematic name (1aR,4E,7aS,8E,10aS,10bR)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-[(pyrimidin-5-yl)­methylid­ene]-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octa­hydro­oxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclo­deca­[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one} was obtained from the reaction of parthenolide [systematic name (1aR,7aS,10aS,10bR,E)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methyl­ene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octa­hydro­oxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclodeca­[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one] with 5-bromo­pyrimidine under Heck reaction conditions, and was identified as an E isomer. The mol­ecule possesses ten-, five- (lactone) and three-membered (epoxide) rings with a pyrimidine group as a substituent. The ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the lactone ring shows a flattened envelope-type conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyrimidine moiety and the lactone ring system is 29.43 (7)°

3-(2-Amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-hydr­oxy-1-phenyl­indolin-2-one ethanol solvate

In the title compound, C18H16N4O3·C2H5OH, mol­ecules are linked into chains by a series of inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which stabilize the crystal structure. The indole and creatinine units make a dihedral angle of 56.45 (4)°. The title compound has two chiral centres. The crystal structure indicates the compound is racemic (RR and SS)

(Z)-Methyl 4-({3-[(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl­idene)meth­yl]-1H-indol-1-yl}meth­yl)benzoate

In the title compound, C21H17N3O4, pairs of mol­ecules form a planar[maximum deviation 0.0566 (9) Å] centrosymmetric imidazole dimer via two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These dimeric units are linked by further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the ester carbonyl group and the imidazolidine ring, formiing chains parallel to the c-axis direction. In addition, there are π–π stacking inter­actions between the planar imidazole pairs, with an inter­planar spacing of 3.301 (2) Å. There is a double bond with Z geometry connecting the imidazolidine and indole units

3-(2-Amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5-fluoro-3-hydr­oxy-1-methyl­indolin-2-one methanol hemisolvate

In the title compound, C13H13FN4O3·0.5CH3OH, mol­ecules are packed in the crystal structure by a series of O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯F and O—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds. The indole and creatinine units make a dihedral angle of 60.80 (4)°

Crystal Structures of (\u3cem\u3eZ\u3c/em\u3e)-5-[2-(benzo[\u3cem\u3eb\u3c/em\u3e]thiophen-2-yl)-1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1\u3cem\u3eH\u3c/em\u3e-tetrazole and (\u3cem\u3eZ\u3c/em\u3e)-5-[2-(benzo[\u3cem\u3eb\u3c/em\u3e]thiophen-3-yl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1\u3cem\u3eH\u3c/em\u3e-tetrazole

(Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[b]thio­phen-2-yl)-1-(3,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-1H-tetrazole methanol monosolvate, C19H16N4O2S·CH3OH, (I), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio­phen-2-yl)-2-(3,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)acrylo­nitrile with tri­butyl­tin azide via a [3 + 2]cyclo­addition azide condensation reaction. The structurally related compound (Z)-5-[2-(benzo[b]thio­phen-3-yl)-1-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-1H-tetra­zole, C20H18N4O3S, (II), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio­phen-3-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)acrylo­nitrile with tri­butyl­tin azide. Crystals of (I) have two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2), whereas crystals of (II) have Z′ = 1. The benzo­thio­phene rings in (I) and (II) are almost planar, with r.m.s deviations from the mean plane of 0.0084 and 0.0037 Å in (I) and 0.0084 Å in (II). The tetra­zole rings of (I) and (II) make dihedral angles with the mean planes of the benzo­thio­phene rings of 88.81 (13) and 88.92 (13)° in (I), and 60.94 (6)° in (II). The di­meth­oxy­phenyl and tri­meth­oxy­phenyl rings make dihedral angles with the benzo­thio­phene rings of 23.91 (8) and 24.99 (8)° in (I) and 84.47 (3)° in (II). In both structures, mol­ecules are linked into hydrogen-bonded chains. In (I), these chains involve both tetra­zole and methanol, and are parallel to the b axis. In (II), mol­ecules are linked into chains parallel to the a axis by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between adjacent tetra­zole rings

Comparison Crystal Structure Conformations of Two Structurally Related Biphenyl Analogues: 4,4\u27-bis[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl]-1,1\u27-biphenyl and 4,4\u27-bis{3-[(\u3cem\u3eS\u3c/em\u3e)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]prop-1-yn-1-yl}-1,1\u27-biphenyl

The title compounds, C26H28N2, (I), and C28H32N2, (II), were designed based on the structure of the potent 910 nicotinic acetyl­choline receptor antagonist ZZ161C {1,1\u27-[[1,1\u27-biphen­yl]-4,4\u27-diylbis(prop-2-yne-3,1-di­yl)]bis­(3,4-di­methyl­pyridin-1-ium) bromide}. In order to improve the druglikeness properties of ZZ161C for potential oral administration, the title compounds (I) and (II) were prepared by coupling 4,4\u27-bis­(3-bromo­prop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,1\u27-biphenyl with pyrrol­idine, (I), and (S)-2-methyl­pyrrolidine, (II), respectively, in aceto­nitrile at room temperature. The asymmetric unit of (I) contains two half mol­ecules that each sit on sites of crystallographic inversion. As a result, the biphenyl ring systems in compound (I) are coplanar. The biphenyl ring system in compound (II), however, has a dihedral angle of 28.76 (11)°. In (I), the two independent mol­ecules differ in the orientation of the pyrrolidine ring (the nitro­gen lone pair points towards the biphenyl rings in one mol­ecule, but away from the rings in the other). The torsion angles about the ethynyl groups between the planes of the phenyl rings and the pyrrolidine ring N atoms are 84.15 (10) and -152.89 (10)°. In compound (II), the corresponding torsion angles are 122.0 (3) and 167.0 (3)°, with the nitro­gen lone pairs at both ends of the mol­ecule directed away from the central biphenyl rings