Multi-Level Batch Normalization In Deep Networks For Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Cell Discrimination In Histopathology Images

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the most predominant cause of death in women worldwide. Imaging techniques such as the breast cancer pathology helps in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. However identification of malignant cells can be challenging given the high heterogeneity in tissue absorbotion from staining agents. In this work, we present a novel approach for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) cells discrimination in histopathology slides. We propose a model derived from the Inception architecture, proposing a multi-level batch normalization module between each convolutional steps. This module was used as a base block for the feature extraction in a CNN architecture. We used the open IDC dataset in which we obtained a balanced accuracy of 0.89 and an F1 score of 0.90, thus surpassing recent state of the art classification algorithms tested on this public dataset.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Modification in the diet can induce beneficial effects against breast cancer

The population tends to consume foods that in addition to their nutritional values can offer some benefits to their health. There are many epidemiological evidences and research studies in animal models suggesting that diet plays an important role in breast cancer prevention or progression. This review summarized some of the relevant researches about nutrition and cancer during the last years, especially in breast cancer. The analysis of probiotics and fermented products containing lactic acid bacteria in cancer prevention and/or treatment was especially discussed. It was observed that a balance of fatty acids similar to those of traditional Mediterranean diet, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber intake, vitamin supplementation are, along with the intake of probiotic products, the most extensively studied by the negative association to breast cancer risk. The consumption of probiotics and fermented products containing lactic acid bacteria was associated to reduce breast cancer risk in some epidemiological studies. The use of animal models showed the modulation of the host?s immune response as one of the important effects associated to the benefices observed with most probiotics. However; future assays in human are very important before the medical community can accept the addition of probiotic or fermented milks containing lactic acid bacteria as supplements for cancer patients.Fil: Aragón, Félix Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Probiotics as protective agents against Enterobacteria

Salmonella is one of the major causative agents of foodborne diseases, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium(S. typhimurium) produces in mice an infection with similar pathogenesis and clinical manifestations than S. typhiin humans. Probiotics influence the innate and adaptive immunity and the activity of the intestinal microbiota. This knowledge allowed us to propose the use of probiotic bacteria against Salmonella infection. On this topic, the mechanisms mediating this protection are not yet established. We determine the effect of the oral administration of probiotic bacterium L. casei CRL-431 on the biological and immune mechanisms involved in the prevention and treatment of the S. Typhimurium infection, using BALB/c mice. Oral administration of probiotic to healthy mice, induced activation of gut immune cells in a regulated state. The continuous L. casei CRL-431 administration (previous and post-infection) protected mice challenged with S. Typhimurium. The mechanisms involved were: a) The modulation of innate immune response by increased TLR expression on epithelial and immune cells. b) Epithelial cell activation, evidenced by increases in secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1. c) Increased number of macrophages, dendritic cells and IgA (+) cells in lamina propria of the small intestine, and increased secretion of total S-IgA. d)Reduction of inflammation, with reduced TNF-alpha levels and myeloperoxidase activity, less PMN infiltration in lamina propria and regulation by IL-10. e)Increased phagocytic activity in macrophage isolated from Peyer’s patches, spleen and peritoneum, correlated with an increase of IFNgamma. The results showed that L. casei CRL-431 induces biological and immune mechanisms, which confer resistance to S. typhimuriuminfection, showing lesser severity of the infection. The safety of continuous administration of this probiotc strain, allows us to suggest its use as an adjuvant of the mucosal immune system in the prevention, and during Salmonella infection.Fil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina;Fil: Castillo, Natalia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (i); Argentina;Fil: Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina;Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina

The crystalline structures of the odd alkanes pentane, heptane, nonane, undecane, tridecane and pentadecane monolayers adsorbed on graphite at submonolayer coverages and from the liquid

A combination of neutron and X-ray diffraction has been used to structurally characterise the crystalline monolayer structures of all the alkanes with odd number of carbon atoms in their alkyl chains from pentane to pentadecane adsorbed on graphite. The structures of all the molecules investigated at submonolayer coverages are isomorphous with centred rectangular unit cells containing two molecules per cell in a parallel arrangement. This is a completely different structure from the ‘herringbone’ arrangement of molecules found for the shorter ‘ even’ alkanes, such as hexane, octane and decane. The monolayers at sub-monolayer coverages are interpreted as uniaxial commensurate with the underlying graphite while those monolayers coexisting with the liquid, while structurally similar, are fully commensurate. The difference between the two structures is a uniaxial compression in the b-direction with the monolayers coexisting with the liquids significantly more dense than at submonolayer coverages. In the low coverage structures the ‘odd’ molecules have an all trans conformation with their extended axes parallel to the surface with the plane of the carbon skeleton also parallel to the graphite surface. At high coverages the carbon skeleton is no longer parallel to the graphite surface but significantly tilted. The longest alkanes, tridecane and pentadecane also show evidence of positional and/or rotational disorder at high coverages

Stimulation of innate immune cells Induced by probiotics: participation of toll- like receptors

Objective: The present work aimed to study the functionality of macrophages from different locations (peritoneum, spleen and Peyer´s patches) when they were stimulated with probiotics microorganisms: Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 and Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1518 or a Probiotic Fermented Milk (PFM) through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), prior challenged with agonists or antagonists of TLRs. Methods: BALB/c mice received in the drinking water, the probiotic bacteria (L. casei CRL 431 and L. paracasei CNCM I-1518) or the PFM. We focused our investigation mainly on the phagocytic activity of macrophages from peritoneum, spleen and Peyer?s patches and cytokine production were evaluated prior challenged with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists or antagonists. The microbicidal activity of macrophages and against an infection with Salmonella typhimurium was also studied. To assess the role of TLR in probiotic stimulation, we evaluated the phagocytic activity, cytokine production and Immunoglobin G (IgG) anti-OVA in C57BL/6 knockout mice to MyD88, TLR2 and TLR4. Results: In BALB/c mice, the best effect in the phagocytosis assay was obtained with the probiotic bacteria L. casei CRL 431, this effect was reinforced with TLR2 agonist. The production of different cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6) was improved with the probiotic treatments and this production was ameliorated with TLRs agonists. The antimicrobial activity was increased with L. casei CRL 431 and L. paracasei CNCM I-1518, TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists had a negative effect on microbicidal activity. The administration of probiotic bacteria or PFM improved the host response against S. typhimurium controlling the infection during the first hours post-infection. In C57BL/6 knockout mice, phagocytic activity was significantly diminished in comparison to wild type mice and the probiotic bacteria or PFM administration was not able to improve this activity. The IL-10 production was increased at a concentration of 108 cells/ml of L. casei CRL 431 in TLR2-/- and TLR4-/-, but not in MyD88-/- mice. The administration of probiotic bacteria or PFM did not play a stimulating effect in the systemic immune response against to OVA antigen in knockout mice. Conclusions: Probiotics modulate the different signaling pathways of innate immune cells through the TLRs. The macrophages activation depends on location of them and that different probiotic strains of Lactobacilli can evoke different intensity of responses. The data suggest that probiotic not only promote a major expression of TLRs but also use these receptors via the innate immune cells as macrophages to stimulate and modulate the immune response.Fil: Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Lemme Dumit, José María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Thieblemont, Nathalie. Inserm; Francia. Center of Excellence; FranciaFil: Carmuega, Esteban. Centro de Estudios Nutricionales Infantiles; ArgentinaFil: Weill, Ricardo. DANONE; ArgentinaFil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentin

Female sexuality in terms of oppression and liberation through sex

Department Head: Paola Malpezzi Price.2010 Spring.Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).Text in Spanish; title and abstract in English and Spanish.This work studies femenine sexuality in terms of oppression and the liberation of female characters from three novels: Las edades de Lulú, (1989) de Almudena Grandes, La nada cotidiana, (1995) de Zoé Valdés y La casa de los espíritu, de Isabel Allende, (1982). This investigation wants to state women's sexual evolution, as well as the responsibility that they have to build the change from an object to an active sexual subject. This thesis is not meant to show that the feminine characters in these novels have been free of masculine oppression, but it is very important to emphasize that these women have been making progress and winning battles in the context of their own lives, becoming the heroines in their societies. I want to show through this research that women have been victims in society, but also, throughout their stories have destroyed the victim's dress to become the leaders of their own lives

Relación entre el comercio y la participación salarial en Colombia : ¿aplica el teorema Stolper-Samuelson?

Las tasas de participación salarial han tenido una tendencia negativa en los últimos 50 años para los países desarrollados y en desarrollo. Este trabajo utiliza una serie temporal para analizar la participación salarial explicada por los principales argumentos teóricos para el caso individual de Colombia en los últimos 50 años. Además, contrasta los resultados con lo postulado por el modelo Heckscher-Ohlin y Stolper-Samuelson. Se encontraron fuertes relaciones en el marco financiero, fiscal y tecnológico. El comercio no fue significativo, sin embargo, su relación fue negativa. Lo anterior, contradice el postulado de especialización de Heckscher-Ohlin y Stolper-Samuelson puesto que Colombia goza de abundancia relativa en el factor productivo trabajo.Wage shares have had a negative trend in the last 50 years for developed and developing countries. This work uses a time series to analyze the wage share explained by the main theoretical arguments for the individual case of Colombia in the last 50 years. Furthermore, it contrasts the results with the one postulated by the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stolper-Samuelson model. Strong relationships were found in the financial, fiscal, and technological framework. Trade was not significant; however, its relationship was negative. This contradicts the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stolper-Samuelson postulation of specialization since Colombia enjoys relative abundance in the labor production factor

Controle de risco para diminuir complicações da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na UBS Ana Claro de Sousa. Prados, MG

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é uma doença crônica não transmissível com um elevado índice de prevalência no Brasil e no mundo todo, uma das causas de morbi mortalidade que mais afetam a população adulta, tanto direta quanto indiretamente por meio das muitas complicações que podem aparecer ao longo do padecimento da mesma. Como a maioria das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis tem como precursor a existência de fatores de risco, como sedentarismo, obesidade, hiperlipidemia, baixa taxa de adesão ao tratamento, hábitos alimentares inadequados, hábito de fumar, alcoolismo, etc. que são modificáveis e que podem causar a aparição tanto da doença quanto das suas múltiplas complicações. O presente trabalho foi realizado na micro área número oito da Unidade Básica de Saúde "Ana Claro de Souza" no Município Prados, MG no ano de 2015, teve como objetivo elaborar um programa de orientação aos pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, para diminuir o risco de complicações desta doença tão frequente tanto em nossa comunidade em particular quanto no Brasil em geral, utilizando o método de Planejamento Estratégico em Saúde. Foram realizadas atividades coletivas, com a participação do medico da comunidade e os membros da Equipe de saúde da família e a população, para obter um impacto social em nossa área de abrangência, que permita atuar sobre os fatores de risco modificáveis da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e consequentemente alcançar a diminuição da incidência desta doença e suas principais complicaçõe