¿Se han modificado las preferencias de los ciudadanos sobre las políticas de bienestar en España (1985-2005)?

Este trabajo es uno de los frutos empíricos del proyecto de investigación Reformas en el Estado de Bienestar: Actores y Apoyos Ciudadanos (REBAAC), http://www.iesam.csic.es/proyecto/rebaac.htm, dirigido por Luis Moreno, que se completará en los próximos meses con otros escritos sobre el tema.[EN] In recent years pressures for the reform of the Welfare State have been voiced despite that public opinion has kept opposed to the retrenchment of social policies. Some studies have pointed out that governments have learned how to avoid popular resistance to the reforms due to a change in citizens’ attitudes. This Working Paper explores the attitudes of the Spaniards with respect to the process and outcomes of the welfare policies implemented in Spain in the last 20 years. Whenever possible this paper takes a comparative. Time series have been worked out covering the period under analysis. Likewise, preferences towards the various welfare policies and these and other public policies are also compared. The two main conclusions are that the support for the welfare policies is solid (despite some qualifications) and that the public preference for the meso or intermediate level of government as provider of social policies has increased.[ES] En los últimos años parece que las presiones para la reforma del Estado de Bienestar están siendo más insistentes que una opinión pública hasta ahora opuesta a cualquier tipo de recorte de los programas sociales. Algunos estudios sugieren que los gobiernos parecen haber aprendido como esquivar la resistencia de los ciudadanos a las reformas aprovechando un supuesto cambio en sus actitudes durante los últimos años. Con esta hipótesis de cambio en las actitudes ciudadanas se exploran en este trabajo las preferencias de los españoles hacia el proceso y los resultados de las políticas del bienestar en los últimos veinte años. Siempre que es posible se sigue una estrategia comparativa. Por un lado, se han construido series temporales que cubren todo el periodo estudiado y, por otro, se comparan las preferencias entre las políticas de bienestar y entre éstas y el resto de las políticas públicas. Las dos conclusiones más significativas son que, si bien con algunos matices, el apoyo a la provisión pública del bienestar continúa siendo muy sólido y crece también la preferencia por el nivel intermedio de gobierno como proveedor de tales programas de bienestar

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Commentaries on Viewpoint: The ongoing need for good physiological investigation: Obstructive sleep apnea in HIV patients as a paradigm

The final publication is available via http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00989.2014[Abstract] The intriguing paradigm put forth by Darquenne et al. (3) highlighted that improved therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has come at the cost of elevated rates of chronic diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity, during the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; TIN2013-40686-P

Presurgical assessment of bariatric patients with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) : A screening of the prevalence of psychosocial comorbidity

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has gained increasing relevance due to the dramatic rise in morbid obesity prevalence. A sound body of scientific literature demonstrates positive long-term outcome of bariatric surgery in decreasing mental and physical health morbidity. Still, there is a need for a manageable presurgical screening to assess major mental disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of common psychiatric syndromes in bariatric surgery candidates using a computerized version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). METHODS: In a prospective cohort study from August 2009 to July 2011 morbidly obese individuals seeking bariatric treatment were evaluated for mental health disorders using the PHQ (computerized German version). RESULTS: A total of 159 patients were included in this study. The median age of participants was 42 years, the median BMI was 49 kg/m(2). The PHQ revealed a prevalence of 84 % for mental health disorders, 50 % of the participants had three or more mental health disorders. A high somatic symptom burden (46 %), depressive syndromes (62 %) and anxiety disorders (29 %) were the most frequent psychiatric syndromes. The median number of psychiatric syndromes was 3 for women and 1 for men (p = 0.007). No correlation between BMI and a single syndrome or the sum of syndromes was observed. CONCLUSION: 84 % of the patients seeking bariatric treatment were screened positive for at least one mental health disorder. The computerized PHQ with automated reporting appears to be a useful instrument for presurgical assessment of bariatric patients in routine medical settings