Najszczęśliwszy kraj na świecie dla Samów? Polityka mniejszości i dyskryminacja w Finlandii

Finlandia zawsze była podziwiana w społecznościach międzynarodowych ze względu na swoje wartości liberalne i program demokratyczny. Niemniej jednak, co wielu woli ignorować, to niesprawiedliwe i kolonialne zachowanie państwa fińskiego wobec swoich rdzennych społeczności. Samowie są ostatnią rdzenną społecznością Europy i żyją na Półwyspie Skandynawskim w Finlandii oraz na Półwyspie Kolskim w Rosji. W niniejszym artykule postaram się zająć dyskryminacyjne działania państwa fińskiego w obecnych czasach i wyjaśnić tło relacji między społecznością a państwem. Przedstawione zostanie również przeanalizowane porównanie Finlandii, Szwecji i Norwegii, aby wyjaśnić, co jest wyjątkowe w przypadku Finlandii. Ponadto zostanie przeanalizowane, czy Finlandia jest rzeczywiście najlepszym krajem do życia dla Samów.Finland has always been admired in the international communities because of its liberal values and its democratic agenda. Nevertheless, what many prefer to ignore, is the unfair and colonialist behaviour that the Finnish state has over its indigenous communities. The Sámi are Europe's last indigenous community and they live in the Scandinavian peninsula, Finland and the Kola Peninsula, Russia. In this paper I will try to tackle the discriminatory actions of the Finnish State in current times and explain the background of the relations between the community and the state. An analysed comparison between Finland, Sweden and Norway will also be provided to explain what is unique to the case of Finland. Also, it will be analysed if Finland is indeed, the best country for Sámi people to live at

Mesures de Hall AC dans les Oxydes Métalliques

An apparatus has been developed for AC measurements of the Hall constant in high impedance and low mobility materials. For such systems, our method gives better results than the DC method almost universally used. Reasons for this are given in the paper.The apparatus has been used for a detailed study of Hall mobility, at room temperature, of four metal oxide crystals with widely different charge carrier densities. Contrary to expectation, the mobility is found to decrease with increasing density.A polaron mass (in the low charge density limit) is calculated for titanium dioxide at room temperature, using the measured mobility. </jats:p

Thermoreflectance measurements on SnS₂ and SnSe₂

We present thermoreflectance data on single crystals of SnS2 and SnSe2 at 100 K. The results are compared with previously published reflectivity and wavelength modulation spectra and with the predictions of band theoretical calculations. For SnS2 gross features as predicted by theory are in fair agreement with experiment but more fine structure is apparent in the experimental data. For SnSe2 much more structure is found than for SnS2 and the agreement with theory is poor. </jats:p

The characterization of pure and niobium-doped crystals of strontium titanate using Hall, electrical conductivity, and optical absorption data

A description is given of the heat treatment, under controlled conditions, of crystals of strontium titanate, both pure and niobium-doped, and of the effect of this treatment on the defect states in this material. Our analysis is based on evaluation of the results of electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements, and those of optical absorption. </jats:p

Hall mobility in strontium titanate at high temperatures

We report on an experimental investigation of Hall mobility in the polar semiconductor SrTiO3, in the temperature range where thermal energies are comparable to the energies of the interacting phonon modes. We find, for all crystals measured, i.e. for charge densities from 9.6 × 1020 cm−3 to 4.1 × 1017 cm−3, a mobility decreasing with an increase in temperature for 300 K &lt; T &lt; 650 K, from ~5 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature to ~1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 650 K. A slight dependence of mobility on charge density is observed, in that the crystals with higher charge density have the higher mobility. Finally, we interpret our results in terms of existing large polaron transport theory. </jats:p

Optical spectra of ZrS₃

We report the thermomodulated reflectivity and transmission at 300 and 80 K of the trichalcogenide compound ZrS3. An indirect gap around 2 eV has been found and the ground state of the exciton at the lowest allowed direct transition measured at 2.5 eV. More or less resolved structures were identified at 3.18, 3.95, 4.28, and 4.59 eV in the thermorefiectivity spectrum. </jats:p