Die überaktive Blase. Differenzialdiagnostik und therapeutisches Management

Die über- oder hyperaktive Blase kann die Befindlichkeit der Betroffenen erheblich stören. Abklärung und Therapie sollen patientinnenorientiert in verschiedenen Stufen erfolgen. Bei Therapieversagen trotz Verhaltensänderung, Blasentraining und Anticholinergika als primäre Therapien ist die intravesikale Injektion von Botulinumneurotoxin, aber auch Neuromodulation eine sehr wirksame Option. Neu erweitern β3-Adrenozeptor- Agonisten in Europa seit 2013* das therapeutische Spektrum

Twelve months effect on voiding function of retropubic compared with outside-in and inside-out transobturator midurethral slings

Introduction and hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to compare retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with transobturator out-in TOT and in-out TVT-O for female stress urinary incontinence. Uroflow rate was primary; continence rates, quality of life (QoL) and complication pattern were secondary endpoints. Methods: A prospective randomised trial with 2:1:1 randomisation at two Swiss teaching hospitals. Patients were followed up at 12months. Results: Eighty TVT, 40 transobturator tape (TOT) and 40 TVT-O were randomised. At 12months, there was no difference in Qmax among the groups. Continence was comparable (≥89%). QoL was improved significantly in all groups (P < 0.05). Five vaginal tape exposures occurred (one TVT, four TOT, zero TVT-O; P = 0.028). Two percent (1/52) of sexually active patients after TVT, 17% (5/29) after TOT, but 0% (0/25) after TVT-O reported de novo female sexual dysfunction (P = 0.011). We considered this clinically important enough to stop enrolment. Conclusions: There was no difference for Qmax at 12months between TVT, TOT and TVT-O. Female sexual dysfunction and tape exposure may be higher with a transobturator tap

Patient satisfaction after retropubic and transobturator slings: first assessment using the Incontinence Outcome Questionnaire (IOQ)

Introduction and hypothesis: The aim of the Incontinence Outcome Questionnaire (IOQ) is to assess quality of life and patient-reported outcome after midurethral slings. Methods: In this retrospective study, 626 patients with a minimum follow-up period of 1year were sent the IOQ. Four hundred twenty-two of 626 (67.4%) patient responses were evaluated. Results: The mean IOQ QoL extended score was 33.7 ± 17.5 and comparable for tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), outside-in transobturator tape (TOT), and inside-out transobturator vaginal tape (TVT-O). Evaluation of IOQ question about readmission revealed a total of 32 patients (18 TVT, 12 TOT, and 2 TVT-O) who underwent a subsequent operation due to sling-related complications. Freedom from reoperation for recurrent SUI at 1, 2, and 5years was 100%, 99.7 ± 0.3%, and 99.7 ± 0.3% for TVT, 100% for TVT-O, and 94.2 ± 2.5%, 91.9 ± 2.9%, and 89.9 ± 3.5% for TOT, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patient satisfaction, assessed using the IOQ, is high after retropubic and transobturator slings. In our collective, relapse incontinence is higher after TO

Histomorphological analysis of the urogenital diaphragm in elderly women: a cadaver study

The objective of this study was to describe the histomorphological structure of the urogenital diaphragm in elderly women using a modern morphometric procedure. Biopsies were taken from the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm of 22 female cadavers (mean age, 87years) using a 60-mm punch. Hematoxylin/eosin and Goldner sections were analyzed with the Cavalieri estimator. The mean thickness of the urogenital diaphragm was 5.5mm. The main component was connective tissue. All biopsies contained smooth muscle. Eighteen biopsies contained more smooth muscle than striated muscle. In six of 22 biopsies, no striated muscle was found. The ratio of striated to smooth muscle to connective tissue was 1:2.3:13.3. Muscle fibers were dispersed in all parts of the urogenital diaphragm. The urogenital diaphragm of elderly women mainly consists of connective tissue. Smooth muscle was also found but to a lesser extent. The frequently used English term "perineal membrane” for the urogenital diaphragm is justified and well describes our findings in elderly wome

Electronic Transport in 2D-Based Printed FETs from a Multiscale Perspective

The authors gratefully acknowledge the ERC PEP2D (contract no. 770047) and H2020 WASP (contract no. 825213) and the Crosslab Department of Excellence project for financial support. E.G.M. also acknowledges the support by the Spanish MCI through the project PID2020-116518GB-I00 and by the Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento/FEDER-EU through the Project A-TIC-646-UGR20. Open access funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Pisa within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.As 2D materials (2DMs) gain the research limelight as a technological option for obtaining on-demand printed low-cost integrated circuits with reduced environmental impact, theoretical methods able to provide the necessary fabrication guidelines acquire fundamental importance. Here, a multiscale modeling technique is exploited to study electronic transport in devices consisting of a printed 2DM network of flakes. The approach implements a Monte Carlo scheme to generate the flake distribution. By means of ab initio density functional theory calculations together with non equilibrium Green’s functions formalism, detailed physical insights on flake-to-flake transport mechanisms are provided. This later feeds a 3D drift-diffusion and Poisson solution to compute self-consistently transport and electrostatics in the device. The method is applied to MoS2 and graphene-based dielectrically gated FETs, highlighting the impact of the structure density and variability on the mobility and sheet resistance. The prediction capability of the proposed approach is validated against electrical measurements of in-house printed graphene conductive lines as a function of film thickness, demonstrating its strong potential as a guide for future experimental activity in the field.ERC PEP2D 770047H2020 WASP 825213Crosslab Department of Excellence projectSpanish Government PID2020-116518GB-I00Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento/FEDER-EU A-TIC-646-UGR20Universita degli Studi di Pisa within the CRUI-CARE Agreemen

Climate change and sparkling wine: uncovering mountains potential

Viticulture in mountainous areas is characterized by significant challenges, such as cultivating steeply sloped terrain requiring the use of agricultural terraces essential for leveling the ground, limited mechanization, constant soil maintenance to prevent erosion and landslides (Tarolli et al., 2023). Moreover, until recent times, mountainous areas were considered disadvantaged for grape cultivation due to environmental limitations such as late frosts, frequent storms, and steep slopes. However, in the current context of climate change, it is being explored whether mountains could represent an adaptation solution for viticulture. Indeed, predictions indicate an increase in thermal stress and drought during the vine growing season, negatively impacting grape and wine quality. Some of the main observed trends can be described as earlier phenology, increased sugar content, and higher alcohol content in wine, loss of aroma precursors in berries due to earlier ripening (van Leeuwen and Destrac-Irvine, 2017), and the expansion of areas suitable for wine production (Vigl et al., 2018). Several studies (Falcão et al., 2010), (Caffarra and Eccel, 2011) demonstrate how, due to increasing temperatures linked to global climate change, new opportunities arise for wine grape cultivation in previously unsuitable areas, especially in mountainous regions, where higher altitude and cooler temperatures lead to later phenology and longer duration of phenological events, resulting in phenomena such as delayed sugar accumulation in grapes. Another crucial aspect pertains to the potential role of viticulture in disadvantaged regions, particularly mountainous areas facing depopulation and abandonment of agricultural lands. The cultivation of grapes has the potential to stimulate socio-economic progress in these regions by promoting wine production and supporting related agricultural activities like wine tourism. It represents a valuable local agricultural asset ripe for destination investment. Such investment can take the form of dedicated wine tourism initiatives or be integrated with several typologies of rural tourism. (Tomay and Tuboly, 2023) Based on the literary evidence and the importance of mountain viticulture in specific regions, this study aims to assess the territorial potential of the Umbria region, located in central Italy, for establishing vineyards in hilly and mountainous areas, primarily focusing on the production of sparkling wines. The adaptability of individual municipalities is evaluated through a composite index that considers various socio-economic variables related to the resident population, variables concerning the agricultural and tourist sectors, as well as climatic-territorial variables

Esplorazione visiva dei dati nell'archiviazione digitale. Significato, strumenti e tecniche per un approccio di Dataviz

LAUREA MAGISTRALELa rivoluzione della digitalizzazione ha portato all'archiviazione di grandi quantità di dati e alla loro esposizione al pubblico. Tuttavia, per veicolare significati, i dati devono essere organizzati in modo efficace. Le istituzioni culturali si sono rese conto che la semplice disponibilità di un archivio online non garantisce l'accesso a un vasto pubblico, e quindi è necessario progettare interfacce che facilitino l'esplorazione degli archivi digitali. Questa tesi si propone di esplorare il tema dell'archiviazione digitale e l'importanza dell'approccio di data visualization nell'ambito dell'esplorazione visiva dei dati. Inizialmente, vengono analizzati il significato e l'evoluzione degli archivi, nonché l'avvento di Internet e l'archivio come immaginario. Successivamente, vengono esaminati i metodi e gli strumenti di archiviazione digitale, comprese le metodologie di archiviazione e gli strumenti visivi utilizzati per la visualizzazione dei dati e degli archivi. La tesi si concentra inoltre sull'approccio e sulle tecniche di data visualization, esplorando la struttura di un metodo progettuale e il ruolo del designer nella creazione di visualizzazioni efficaci. L'accessibilità e l'inclusione sono posti al centro del progetto, affrontando il concetto di "design for all". Infine, viene presentato il caso studio dell'Archivio Paramatti di Lecco, in cui vengono applicati strumenti e metodi di data visualization per la visualizzazione e l'esplorazione dei dati. Questa tesi indaga il panorama dell'archiviazione digitale e l'importanza della data visualization per facilitare l'esplorazione degli archivi digitali.The digitization revolution has led to the storage of large amounts of data and their exposure to the public. However, to convey meanings, the data must be organized effectively. Cultural institutions have realized that the mere availability of an online archive does not guarantee access to a wide audience, and thus there is a need to design interfaces that facilitate the exploration of digital archives. This thesis aims to explore the topic of digital archiving and the importance of the data visualization approach in the context of visual data exploration. Initially, the meaning and evolution of archives are analyzed, as well as the advent of the Internet and the archive as imagery. Next, the methods and tools of digital archiving are examined, including archival methodologies and visual tools used to visualize data and archives. The thesis also focuses on the approach and techniques of data visualization, exploring the structure of a design method and the role of the designer in creating effective visualizations. Accessibility and inclusion are placed at the center of the project, addressing the concept of "design for all." Finally, the case study of the Paramatti Archive in Lecco is presented, in which data visualization tools and methods are applied for data visualization and exploration. This thesis investigates the digital archiving landscape and the importance of data visualization in facilitating the exploration of digital archives

Promoting Sympathy, Empathic Self‐Efficacy, and Prosocial Behaviours Among Primary School Children

The present study investigated the efficacy of the CEPIDEAS Junior program, a universal intervention promoting prosocialbehaviours and social adjustment in schools, on sympathy, empathic self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviour among primary schoolchildren. The longitudinal intervention was conducted in 18 schools in the metropolitan area of Rome, involving students fromsecond, third, and fourth grades. Using a quasi-experimental design, a sample of 1045 students (Mage = 8.51, SD = 0.73; 471 girls)was divided into intervention (N = 527) and control groups. Teacher-reported sympathy, children’s empathic self-efficacy, andpeer-reported prosocial behaviour were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Latent Difference Score (LDS)models revealed significant increases in sympathy and empathic self-efficacy in the intervention group compared to the controlgroup, while the positive effect on prosocial behaviours did not reach statistical significance. The results indicated that the inter-vention program directly enhanced sympathy and empathic self-efficacy, highlighting the potential of the CEPIDEA school-basedprogram, grounded on the Social-Cognitive Theory, in promoting students’ socio-emotional skills