Virtual social currencies for unemployed people: social networks and job market access

Alternative currencies continue to develop all around the world, taking various forms (material or immaterial) and ful ll various functions. They are created in order to promote the local economy development and to ght against social exclusion. They are principally aimed to low income people (retired or unemployed people, or people who are living with a low wage). In this paper, we analyze the particular case of virtual currency circulation inside a local community of unemployed people. We elaborate on the assumptions that the organization of LETS and the circulation of complementary currencies have two properties: (i) they help unemployed workers to overcome the double coincidence of want necessity of an informal sector founded on barter exchange; (ii) they help to maintain and develop workers' skills outside job, helping them to observe opportunities of employment even as long-term unemployed workers. We study the global properties of a job market associating traditional short-term and long-term unemployment to the organization of LETS. Using a theoretical Pissarides-style model, we nd that the initial level of trust of agents in the complementary currency(cies) but also the e ective properties of his(these) currency(cies) are crucial for LETS to become permanent institutions. We also nd that if the stationary equilibrium of the job-market includes LETS, then LETS have a positive in uence on the rate of employment, on the expected utility of employed workers, and are Pareto improving when the benchmark case is a job market without any LETS

Virtual Social Currencies for Unemployed People

Complementary currencies develop all around the world, taking various forms (material or immaterial) and fulfilling various functions. They are frequently introduced in order to promote local economy development and to fight against social exclusion. In this paper, we analyze the particular case of virtual currency circulation inside a local community of unemployed people. We elaborate on the assumptions that the organization of LETS and the circulation of complementary currencies have two properties: (i) they help unemployed workers to overcome the double coincidence of want necessity of an informal sector founded on barter exchange; (ii) they contribute to maintain and develop unemployed workers’ skills and employability of unemployed workers outside job. We study the global properties of a job market associating traditional short-term and long-term unemployment to the organization of LETS. Using a search theoretic model, we find that the initial level of trust of agents in the complementary currency(cies) but also the effective properties of this(ese) currency(cies) inside the LETS are crucial for LETS to become survive and becoming permanent. We also find that if the stationary equilibrium of the jobmarket includes LETS, then LETS have a positive influence on the rate of employment, on the expected utility of employed workers, and are Pareto improving when the benchmark case is a job market without any LETS

The capitals of San Pedro el Viejo de Huesca cloister: new questions regarding its restoration

El monasterio de San Pedro el Viejo de Huesca conserva en su claustro románico un extraordinario legado escultórico, plasmado principalmente en los capiteles que conforman las cuatro galerías. El conjunto fue alterado a causa de las reformas efectuadas hacia 1890. Antes de valorar aspectos artísticos, se ha creído imprescindible revisar el estado actual de los capiteles, que hasta ahora no había sido estudiado en detalle. A través de la comparación entre las labras y diversas fuentes textuales y gráficas (algunas inéditas), se ha constatado que tras la restauración y posterior recolocación de las tallas se cambió la disposición y configuración de algunas piezas. En este artículo se intenta reconstruir la topografía e iconografía de la arquería claustral original.The Romanesque monastery of San Pedro el Viejo in the city of Huesca (today a parish church) preserve in the cloister an extraordinary sculptural heritage, depicted chiefly in the capitals that conform their four galleries. The artistic set was altered on account of the reforms performed toward 1890. Before assessing artistic aspects, it was thought indispensable to revise the current state of the capitals, which had hitherto not been studied in detail. Through the comparison between sculpture pieces and professional sources (some unpublished), has been verified that after the restoration and subsequent relocation of the pieces, the emplacement and configuration of some of them was altered. This article presents a proposal on the original design of the cloister arcade, interpreted with relation to its particular topography and iconography

Weathering geochemistry and Sr-Nd fingerprints of equatorial upper Nile and Congo muds

This study investigates processes of sediment generation in equatorial central Africa. An original, complete and integrated mineralogical-geochemical database on silt-sized sediments derived from different parent rocks (basalt, granite, gneiss, metapsammite, sandstone) along the East African Rift from 5°S in Tanzania to 5°N in Sudan is presented and used to assess the incidence of diverse factors controlling sediment composition (source-rock lithology, geomorphology, hydraulic sorting, grain size, recycling), with particular emphasis on chemical weathering

Informational approach of family spin-offs in the funding process of innovative projects: an empirical verification

In recent years, the increase in competitiveness, as a result of the economic globalization and crisis, has caused the bankruptcy of many Italian small family businesses working in traditional industries. Meanwhile, family firms that have been working in a perspective of process and product innovation have been able to maintain a durable competitive advantage. In particular, enterprises that have shown a particular vitality are spin-offs, founded by an innovator entrepreneur with an academic background: these have often found their funding in self-financing and family and public resources in the pre-seed and seed stages of the project. However, these spin-offs often have difficulty financing the start-up phase of the project with external resources due to risk and informational opacity related to innovative processes. The literature grounded on innovation funding has highlighted the informative opacity problem mainly caused by family entrepreneurs' difficulty to communicate innovation characteristics and commercial potential to financial markets and by the inability to identify individuals who are more available to finance innovative investments. Therefore, it is particularly difficult for investors to assess family small- and medium-sized enterprises' economic feasibility of innovative projects. These difficulties have increased in recent years partly due to the economic crisis that, on the one hand, has made venture capitalists more risk averse and, on the other, has contributed to a gradual hardening of enterprises' creditworthiness system adopted by financial brokers. The research focuses on the analysis of the information problem that hinders the external financing aimed at innovation in family academic spin-offs. In particular, the authors intend to investigate the information dynamics between the innovator entrepreneur and external financiers. So, this research is useful to better identify what informative gaps impede innovative investments in Italy among innovator entrepreneurs and founders through venture capital and debt capital

Improving Chronic Pain Management to Reduce the Opioid Epidemic: A Literature Review

Prescription opioids contribute to the growing problem that is the opioid epidemic. According to the CDC (2017), approximately one-third of all opioid related deaths are due to prescription opioids. One way that these opioids can be decreased within society is pushing for alternative pain management therapies such as nonpharmacological methods. Data for this was obtained by searching through academic journals with the keywords: nonpharmacologic pain management, alternative therapies, pain management, and reducing opioid use. Periodic re-assessments allowed patients to be evaluated for proper pain management and allowed the opportunity to decrease medications or discontinue them. Through thoracic manipulation, physiotherapy, chiropractor use, acupuncture, and rehab facilities, patients’ pain was able to be decreased, and they could the number of opioid medications that they take. Alternative pain management therapies have proven effective at lowering patients pain perceptions and have helped to reduce the number of opioids needed. There are many different options out there that patients need to be made aware of. By increasing the multidisciplinary team, care is more focused, and patients are able to be monitored more efficiently

Monnaies mobiles sociales : viabilité et efficacité économiques

This Ph.D. thesis analyses the emergence and properties of social mobile money, which is more than a simple means of payment but also a way to provide other services and to satisfy other needs. These new currencies contributes to local development, reemployment, they facilitate social and financial inclusions, according their objectives, their location and the type of organisations which develop them. This Ph.D thesis studies the necessary conditions for implementation, sustainability and efficiency of mobile social money.Cette thèse analyse les monnaies mobiles sociales qui offrent aux consommateurs une complémentarité d'usage par rapport au panel de moyens de paiement existants. Ces nouvelles monnaies répondent à des besoins économiques spécifiques, selon le lieu où elles circulent et les initiatives qui les promeuvent. Elles ont pour objectif le développement économique local, le retour à l'emploi, l'inclusion sociale et l'inclusion financière. Cette thèse étudie les conditions nécessaires à leur déploiement, leur viabilité et leur efficacité

APLIKASI SENSOR PHOTODIODA SEBAGAI INPUT PENGGERAK MOTOR PADA COCONUT MILK AUTO MACHINE

The engine that produces coconut milk or coconut milk auto machine (CMAM) is a machine assemblied so that can produce a coconut milk without using the water. The working principle of coconut milk auto machine is, when the cover cup is covered then photodiode sensor will transmitt a voltage signal to microcontroller ATMEGA 8535 for activating driver relay. It’s caused the motor will be active and process the coconut to be coconut milk. Coconut milk that produces will be detected by loadcell and when coconut milk has been 150 mL then the machine will be nonactive automatic. Photodiode sensor detects the cover cup by applying the black color detector dan white color detector. When the cover cup isn’t covered then the light that is transmitted by led transmitter cannot be reflected and it makes photodiode sensor doesn’t detect or in black color condition. And when the cover cup is covered then the lights that is transmitted by led transimitter will be reflected by the cover cup and it makes photodioda sensor detects the lights or in white color condition. According to data i get it, output voltage and resistance photododiode is directly proportional to photodiode sensor in detect or doen’t detect CMAM cover cup. And when photodiode sensor detect CMAM cover cup so driver relay to active motor. Keyword : coconut milk auto machine, sensor photodioda, mikrokontroler ATMEGA 8535, driver relay, loadcel

RHOA and PRKCZ control different aspects of cell motility in pancreatic cancer metastatic clones

Background: Our understanding of the mechanism regulating pancreatic cancer metastatic phenotype is limited. We analyzed the role of RHOA and PRKCZ in the motility attitude of two subclones of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line SUIT-2 (S2), with different in vivo metastatic potential in nude mice: S2-m with a low metastatic potential and highly metastatic S2-CP9 using RHOA and PRKCZ cell-permeable inhibitory peptides.Methods: Adhesion assays, cell permeable peptides, RHOA activity assay, western blottingResults: When used in combination cell-permeable inhibitory peptides partially inhibited cell adhesion by about 50% in clone S2-CP9. In clone S2-m, the effect was limited to 15% inhibition. In a wound healing assay, S2-CP9 was sensitive only to treatment with the combination of both RHOA and PRKCZ inhibitory peptides. Conversely, S2-m was unable to migrate toward both ends of the wound in basal conditions. Migration of cells through a membrane with 8 mu m pores was completely abolished in both clones by individual treatment with RHOA and PRKCZ inhibitory peptides.Conclusion: Herein, we demonstrate a critical role for RHOA and PRKCZ in the regulation of different aspects of cell motility of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and demonstrate the need to inhibit both pathways to obtain a functionally relevant effect in most assays. These results indicate that RHOA and PRKCZ, and their downstream effectors, can represent important pharmacological targets that could potentially control the highly metastatic attitude of PDAC