Promile: A management architecture for programmable modular routers

September 200

A parallel pattern for iterative stencil + reduce

We advocate the Loop-of-stencil-reduce pattern as a means of simplifying the implementation of data-parallel programs on heterogeneous multi-core platforms. Loop-of-stencil-reduce is general enough to subsume map, reduce, map-reduce, stencil, stencil-reduce, and, crucially, their usage in a loop in both data-parallel and streaming applications, or a combination of both. The pattern makes it possible to deploy a single stencil computation kernel on different GPUs. We discuss the implementation of Loop-of-stencil-reduce in FastFlow, a framework for the implementation of applications based on the parallel patterns. Experiments are presented to illustrate the use of Loop-of-stencil-reduce in developing data-parallel kernels running on heterogeneous systems

Parâmetros biológicos dos estágios imaturos de Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), em condições controladas.

O gênero Spodoptera (Guenée, 1852) é cosmopolita e abriga grande parte das lagartas de importância agrícola. Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) é uma espécie polífaga que se alimenta de plantas de 57 famílias, incluindo muitas de importância econômica. Este estudo objetivou detalhar parâmetros biológicos de desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos de S. eridania, em condições controladas (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas). Foram avaliados 4.454 ovos provenientes de 16 posturas e 298 larvas neonatas, individualmente, alimentadas com dieta artificial modificada de Grenee et al. A viabilidade dos ovos, larvas, pré-pupas e pupas foi de 97,82; 93,62; 96,42; 97,03%, com duração de 4,00; 16,18; 1,58 e 9,17 dias, respectivamente. Observou-se que 93% das fêmeas e 100% dos machos passaram por seis e 7% das fêmeas passaram por sete instares larvais. A partir do quinto ínstar observou-se diferenciação no tamanho das cápsulas entre machos e fêmeas de seis instares e, entre fêmeas com as de sete instares, a diferenciação iniciou no quarto ínstar, com razão de crescimento menor que as demais, no entanto o tamanho final foi maior que nas larvas de seis instares, compensado pelo ínstar adicional. O tamanho final das cápsulas foi significativamente diferente entre fêmeas (2,64mm) e machos (2,50mm), bem como entre as fêmeas que passaram por seis (2,64mm) e sete ínstares (2,72mm). Nas larvas femininas e masculinas de seis instares a razão média de crescimento foi de 1,52 e 1,51, respectivamente; nas de sete ínstares foi de 1,44. As pupas femininas das larvas que passaram por seis instares foram significativamente maiores (377,53mg) do que os machos (329,45mg), porém, menores que as provenientes de larvas que passaram por sete ínstares (435,11mg). Tanto a metodologia de criação quanto a dieta larval foram adequadas, pois permitiram 85,87% de sobrevivência e um detalhamento muito maior das observações, especialmente, quando larvas

Efeito do tamanho e de múltiplos casais sobre o potencial reprodutivo de Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Entre os lepidópteros de importância agrícola, Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) tem despertado atenção por atingir níveis de dano econômico em culturas de importância como algodão e soja. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos detalhados de biologia, especialmente relacionados a aspectos reprodutivos. Visando determinar a capacidade máxima reprodutiva desta espécie avaliou-se o efeito do tamanho, empregando como parâmetro o peso pupal, e o número de casais por gaiola (um e três) sobre o número de cópulas, fecundidade e fertilidade. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sala climatizada (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas) com observações diárias. Adultos, emergidos no mesmo dia, classificados de acordo com a massa pupal, como pequenos, médios e grandes foram dispostos em gaiolas plásticas, (10 x 15cm), alimentados com dieta artificial e água estéril. Foram formadas 15 gaiolas com um casal cada, todos de tamanho médio, cinco gaiolas com 3 casais de tamanho pequeno e médio e 4 com três casais de tamanho grande. O número médio de cópulas dos casais de tamanho médio mantidos individualmente (1,13) foi significativamente menor do que o dos insetos pequenos (2,58), médios (2,47) e grandes (2,33),mantidos a três por gaiola. A fecundidade média dos casais individuais (1.398,00) também foi significativamente menor que a dos mantidos a três por gaiola, tanto de tamanho pequeno (1.709,07), médio (2.044,27) e grande (2.469,92). Entre estes últimos observou-se efeito positivo entre o tamanho da pupa e a fecundidade, com diferenças significativas entre todos os tamanhos. A fertilidade média dos casais individuais (67,45) foi muito inferior a observada para os casais pequenos (97,32%), médios (96,43%) e grandes (98,91%), mantidos a três por gaiola. Estes resultados indicam que em estudos que estimam o potencial reprodutivo devem ser utilizados pelo menos três casais por gaiola e que sejam descritos os pesos das pupas que originaram os adultos

Denoising Diffusion Models on Model-Based Latent Space

With the recent advancements in the field of diffusion generative models, it has been shown that defining the generative process in the latent space of a powerful pretrained autoencoder can offer substantial advantages. This approach, by abstracting away imperceptible image details and introducing substantial spatial compression, renders the learning of the generative process more manageable while significantly reducing computational and memory demands. In this work, we propose to replace autoencoder coding with a model-based coding scheme based on traditional lossy image compression techniques; this choice not only further diminishes computational expenses but also allows us to probe the boundaries of latent-space image generation. Our objectives culminate in the proposal of a valuable approximation for training continuous diffusion models within a discrete space, accompanied by enhancements to the generative model for categorical values. Beyond the good results obtained for the problem at hand, we believe that the proposed work holds promise for enhancing the adaptability of generative diffusion models across diverse data types beyond the realm of imagery

5'-deiodinase activity and circulating thyronines in lactating cows.

To investigate the correlation between lactation and thyroid hormone metabolism, the authors studied concentrations of total and free thyroxine (T4 and fT4), triiodothyronine (T3 and fT3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in plasma and milk, as well as liver and mammary gland 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity in dry, early, middle, and late lactating dairy cows. Cows in early lactation show lower plasma levels of T4 and rT3 than dry, middle, and late lactating animals, whereas T3 shows the lowest plasma levels in the dry period; free T4 and T3 show a similar pattern. In early lactation there is a clear decrease in liver 5'D associated with a notable increase in mammary 5'D. Concentrations of T4 and T3 in milk drop significantly in the first few days after delivery, whereas rT3 increases up to the fourth month. The findings suggest a relationship between the hypothyroid status of lactating cows and the rearrangement of organ-specific 5'-deiodinase activity related to the maintenance of the udder's function

Investigations on Arthropods Associated with Decay Stages of Buried Animals in Italy

Burial could be used by criminals to conceal the bodies of victims, interfering with the succession of sarcosaprophagous fauna and with the evaluation of post-mortem interval. In Italy, no experimental investigation on arthropods associated with buried remains has been conducted to date. A first experimental study on arthropods associated with buried carcasses was carried out in a rural area of Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Southern Italy, from November 2017 to May 2018. Six pig carcasses (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) were used, five of which were buried in 60-cm deep pits, leaving about 25-cm of soil above each carcass, and one was left above ground. One of the buried carcasses was periodically exhumed to evaluate the effects of disturbance on decay processes and on arthropod fauna. The other four carcasses were exhumed only once, respectively after 43, 82, 133, and 171 days. As expected, the decay rate was different among carcasses. Differences in taxa and colonization of arthropod fauna were also detected in the above ground and periodically exhumed carcasses. In carcasses exhumed only once, no arthropod colonization was detected. The results showed that a burial at about 25 cm depth could be sufficient to prevent colonization by sarcosaprophagous taxa and these data could be relevant in forensic cases involving buried corpses

Effects of Mechanical Winter Pruning on Vine Performances and Management Costs in a Trebbiano Romagnolo Vineyard: A Five-Year Study

Vineyard mechanical winter pruning has been spreading worldwide, and the physiological basis ascribable to it has been consolidated throughout the years. Despite labor savings and reduction of costs having been proven, the demonstration of its economic viability might be challenging. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the vine performances and the costs of different degrees of the mechanization of winter pruning over a five-year trial (2011-2015). In a vineyard of cv. Trebbiano Romagnolo (Vitis vinifera L.) located in northern Italy, three pruning treatments were laid out as follows: (a) manual pruning (MAN); (b) mechanical pre-pruning and simultaneous manual follow-up (MP + F); (c) mechanical pruning without a manual follow-up (MP). The results showed a strong increase in the node number of MP. Nevertheless, the yield compensation factors (i.e., the shoot fruitfulness and cluster weight) limited the increase in productivity. Soluble solids did not differ between the pruning treatments, while titratable acidity resulted slightly higher only on the MP berries. The MP treatment was the most economically convenient, with a vineyard surface of 1.5 hectares, while mechanical pruning with manual finishing resulted more advantageous, compared to manual pruning when the vineyard surface was greater than 2.9 hectares. The agronomic and economic results obtained in this five-year trial suggest that mechanical pruning may be profitably applied also on grapevine varieties characterized by low basal bud fruitfulness, such as Trebbiano Romagnolo