DNA Renaturation at the Water-Phenol Interface

We study DNA adsorption and renaturation in a water-phenol two-phase system, with or without shaking. In very dilute solutions, single-stranded DNA is adsorbed at the interface in a salt-dependent manner. At high salt concentrations the adsorption is irreversible. The adsorption of the single-stranded DNA is specific to phenol and relies on stacking and hydrogen bonding. We establish the interfacial nature of a DNA renaturation at a high salt concentration. In the absence of shaking, this reaction involves an efficient surface diffusion of the single-stranded DNA chains. In the presence of a vigorous shaking, the bimolecular rate of the reaction exceeds the Smoluchowski limit for a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled reaction. DNA renaturation in these conditions is known as the Phenol Emulsion Reassociation Technique or PERT. Our results establish the interfacial nature of PERT. A comparison of this interfacial reaction with other approaches shows that PERT is the most efficient technique and reveals similarities between PERT and the renaturation performed by single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins. Our results lead to a better understanding of the partitioning of nucleic acids in two-phase systems, and should help design improved extraction procedures for damaged nucleic acids. We present arguments in favor of a role of phenol and water-phenol interface in prebiotic chemistry. The most efficient renaturation reactions (in the presence of condensing agents or with PERT) occur in heterogeneous systems. This reveals the limitations of homogeneous approaches to the biochemistry of nucleic acids. We propose a heterogeneous approach to overcome the limitations of the homogeneous viewpoint

Methodology and applications of eyetracking

Rajs Arkadiusz, Aleksiewicz Mariusz, Banaszak-Piechowska Agnieszka, Gospodarczyk Jacek. Methodology and applications of eyetracking. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):115-121. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49872http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3455 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.03.2016. Revised 10.04.2016. Accepted: 10.04.2016.  METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF EYETRACKING dr inż. Arkadiusz RajsInstitute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, University of Science andTechnology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, [email protected] inż. Mariusz AleksiewiczInstitute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz,, [email protected] Agnieszka Banaszak-PiechowskaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technique Science, Kazimierz Wielki University,85-052 Bydgoszcz, Powstanców Wlkp. 2, [email protected] inż. Jacek GospodarczykInstitute of Computer Science and Mechatronics, University of Economy,Garbary 2,85-229 Bydgoszcz, [email protected] SummaryEyetracking gives great capability of computer’s systems control and study of usability applications. In this paper we show construction of eyetracker and range of applications. Key words: eyetracker, computer vision

The process of education in digital space according to teachers and parents of students in the age of Covid-19

Sytuacja, w jakiej znalazł się świat, Polska i ta dziedzina społeczna, jaką jest edukacja, wygenerowała nowe potrzeby, inne metody kształcenia i inne pomysły na przekazywanie wiedzy uczniom. Realizując zajęcia szkolne w systemie zdalnym, nauczyciele wykorzystywali platformy internetowe, aplikacje i komunikatory online. Komunikacja bezpośrednia została zastąpiona komunikacją na odległość. W naszym artykule przedstawiamy używane przez nauczycieli aplikacje i platformy wspomagające komunikację. Prezentując przeprowadzone badania, zreferujemy, jak nauczyciele i rodzice uczniów oceniają edukację na odległość.The situation, which the world plunge into itself, Poland and education generated new needs, different educational methods and other ideas to communicate knowledge for students. When school classes pursue in a distance system, the teachers used online platforms, applications and online messengers. Direct communication has been replaced by distance communication. In our article, we present applications and platforms supporting communication used by teachers. Presenting the conducted research, we will present how teachers and parents of students evaluate distance education

Comparative analysis of the approach to first language oracy of Polish and Portuguese early education teachers

Oracy, crucial for individuals to communicate, think, and learn, can be developed through schooling. Our study aimed to compare Polish and Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of oracy. Based on a literature review, a self-report survey was developed for the study. It comprised questions about: 1. the demographic information, 2. the practices in the classrooms, 3. teachers’ views and attitudes about oracy. 253 (62.00%) Portuguese and 157 (38.00%) Polish elementary school teachers participated. Our main results indicate that Polish and Portuguese teachers declared that they valued oracy, and devoted time during their lessons to promote and support its development in their students. However, the Portuguese teachers, as compared with the Polish teachers, focused more on discussions and debates among students, and allowed them more autonomy in their classrooms. They also appreciated more the importance of oracy for human development, including reasoning and literacy learning. Keywords: Oracy; Mandatory Education; Polish; Portuguese; Teachers.Oracy, crucial for individuals to communicate, think, and learn, can be developed through schooling. Our study aimed to compare Polish and Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of oracy. Based on a literature review, a self-report survey was developed for the study. It comprised questions about: 1. the demographic information, 2. the practices in the classrooms, 3. teachers’ views and attitudes about oracy. 253 (62.00%) Portuguese and 157 (38.00%) Polish elementary school teachers participated. Our main results indicate that Polish and Portuguese teachers declared that they valued oracy, and devoted time during their lessons to promote and support its development in their students. However, the Portuguese teachers, as compared with the Polish teachers, focused more on discussions and debates among students, and allowed them more autonomy in their classrooms. They also appreciated more the importance of oracy for human development, including reasoning and literacy learning. Keywords: Oracy; Mandatory Education; Polish; Portuguese; Teachers

Modos nuevos, patrón antiguo. La migración estacional desde Polonia a Alemania

This article reviews seasonal migration from Poland to Germany from the perspective of functioning of the Polish-German agreement on seasonal work. The title calls for attention to two issues – firstly, the new agreement which was – as compared to other signed by EU member states with third countries – of outstanding relevance due to the scale of migration; on the other hand – migration that followed was well known and established among Poles. The paper suggests that seasonal migration in the state as it is today, has its roots in the distant past and concludes that development of particular migration schemes may be considered as a result of power relations and inequalities between states, which are reproduced on the actors level.Este artículo se detiene en la migración estacional polaca hacia Alemania a partir del análisis del funcionamiento del acuerdo polaco-alemán sobre trabajo estacional. Su título destaca dos elementos principales. El alcance numérico del nuevo acuerdo en comparación con otros acuerdos firmados por Estados de la Unión Europea y terceros países y la corriente migratoria derivada de este acuerdo. El artículo sugiere que la actual migración estacional tiene sus raíces en la historia migratoria polaco-alemana y concluye que el formato y desarrollo de este sistema de regulación migratoria puede ser considerado resultado de las desiguales relaciones de poder existentes entre Estados, que se reproducen en la esfera de los actores

Evidence from Radicalization and Migration

This working paper capitalizes on EU-LISTCO’s analytical framework to explore the influence of migration and radicalization on risks created by areas of limited statehood (ALS) and contested orders (CO) in the Eastern Neighbourhood (EN). The paper argues that EN is characterized both by ALS and CO and examines the possibility of governance breakdown and violent conflict in the context of migration and radicalization processes. Currently, countries like Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine experience internal and external problems due to unresolved conflicts, corruption, or state capture. On the other hand, such issues often play out in a political arena among different political, economic, and societal actors with frequent involvement by external powers, especially the Russian Federation. Based on this analysis and methodology, we argue that neither migration nor radicalization in the EN will lead to governance breakdown or violent conflict in the EU neighbourhood in short- or medium-term time horizons. Although eventual escalation of radicalism to extremism or massive irregular migration from the EN could bring negative effects for the EU stabilization, countries in the EN region have sufficient components of societal resilience in place to avoid becoming a danger to the EU’s security

„Muss es denn Polnisch sein?“ – Rahmenbedingungen und Umsetzung des durchgängigen Nachbarspracherwerbs am Beispiel des Polnischen in der Euroregion Pomerania

Der Beitrag stellt die bildungspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen für den frühen und durchgängigen Nachbarspracherwerb in den Bundesländern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Brandenburg sowie konkrete Maßnahmen zur Förderung des durchgängigen Nachbarspracherwerbs des Polnischen vor. Diese Maßnahmen wurden im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen deutsch-polnischen INTERREG V A-Projekts in der Euroregion Pomerania entwickelt. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt des Artikels liegt daher einerseits auf der Beschreibung der im Projekt entwickelten Lehr-/Lernmaterialien zur Vermittlung des Polnischen als Fremdsprache an deutschen Kitas, Grund- und weiterführenden Schulen inkl. der Instrumente für Sprachstandserhebungen. Andererseits werden Rahmenbedingungen reflektiert, unter denen die Entwicklung des o.g. didaktischen Materials zu realisieren war

Szacowanie prędkości pojazdów na podstawie obrazu z kamery = Estimating vehicle speed based on image from camera

Rajs Arkadiusz, Goździewska-Nowicka Agnieszka, Banaszak-Piechowska Agnieszka, Gospodarczyk Jacek. Szacowanie prędkości pojazdów na podstawie obrazu z kamery = Estimating vehicle speed based on image from camera. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):122-126. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49880http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3456  The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.03.2016. Revised 17.04.2016. Accepted: 17.04.2016.  SZACOWANIE PRĘDKOŚCI POJAZDÓW NA PODSTAWIE OBRAZU Z KAMERY ESTIMATING VEHICLE SPEED BASED ON IMAGE FROM CAMERA dr inż. Arkadiusz RajsUniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy, Wydział Telekomunikacji, Informatyki i Elektrotechniki,Zakład Teletransmisji, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-790 Bydgoszcz, [email protected] Agnieszka Goździewska-NowickaUniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy, Wydział Zarządzania, Katedra Organizacji i Zarządzania,ul. Fordońska 430, 85-790 Bydgoszcz, [email protected] Agnieszka Banaszak-PiechowskaUniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w BydgoszczyInstytut Fizyki, ul. Weyssenhoffa 11, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, [email protected] inż. Jacek GospodarczykWyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w BydgoszczyInstytut Informatyki i Mechatroniki Garbary 2,85-229 Bydgoszcz, [email protected]  StreszczeniePraca prezentuje sposób oszacowania prędkości poruszających się pojazdów.Opisano metodę opartą na analizie obrazu oraz  przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów. AbstractThis Work presents a way to estimate the speed of the moving vehicles.Describes a method based on image analysis, and shows the results of the measurements. Słowa kluczowe: analiza obrazu, prędkość pojazdów, systemy wizyjne.Key words: image analysis, machine vision systems, vehicle speed