Design Initiative for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Collider

This document outlines a community-driven Design Study for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Accelerator Collider. The 2020 ESPP Report emphasized the need for Advanced Accelerator R\&D, and the 2023 P5 Report calls for the ``delivery of an end-to-end design concept, including cost scales, with self-consistent parameters throughout." This Design Study leverages recent experimental and theoretical progress resulting from a global R\&D program in order to deliver a unified, 10 TeV Wakefield Collider concept. Wakefield Accelerators provide ultra-high accelerating gradients which enables an upgrade path that will extend the reach of Linear Colliders beyond the electroweak scale. Here, we describe the organization of the Design Study including timeline and deliverables, and we detail the requirements and challenges on the path to a 10 TeV Wakefield Collider

Design Initiative for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Collider

This document outlines a community-driven Design Study for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Accelerator Collider. The 2020 ESPP Report emphasized the need for Advanced Accelerator R\&D, and the 2023 P5 Report calls for the ``delivery of an end-to-end design concept, including cost scales, with self-consistent parameters throughout." This Design Study leverages recent experimental and theoretical progress resulting from a global R\&D program in order to deliver a unified, 10 TeV Wakefield Collider concept. Wakefield Accelerators provide ultra-high accelerating gradients which enables an upgrade path that will extend the reach of Linear Colliders beyond the electroweak scale. Here, we describe the organization of the Design Study including timeline and deliverables, and we detail the requirements and challenges on the path to a 10 TeV Wakefield Collider

Design Initiative for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Collider

This document outlines a community-driven Design Study for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Accelerator Collider. The 2020 ESPP Report emphasized the need for Advanced Accelerator R\&D, and the 2023 P5 Report calls for the ``delivery of an end-to-end design concept, including cost scales, with self-consistent parameters throughout." This Design Study leverages recent experimental and theoretical progress resulting from a global R\&D program in order to deliver a unified, 10 TeV Wakefield Collider concept. Wakefield Accelerators provide ultra-high accelerating gradients which enables an upgrade path that will extend the reach of Linear Colliders beyond the electroweak scale. Here, we describe the organization of the Design Study including timeline and deliverables, and we detail the requirements and challenges on the path to a 10 TeV Wakefield Collider

Kinetics of Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis Biomarkers During an Extreme Mountain Ultramarathon

ObjectivesThe effects of ultra-distance on cardiac remodeling and fibrosis are unclear. Moreover, there are no data reporting the kinetics of cardiac alterations throughout the event and during recovery. Our aim was to investigate the kinetics of biological markers including new cardiac fibrosis biomarkers suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) during and after an extreme mountain ultramarathon.MethodsFifty experienced runners participating in one of the most challenging mountain ultramarathons (330 km, D+ 25,000 m) were enrolled in our study. Blood samples were collected at four time points: before (Pre-), at 148 km (Mid-), at the finish line (Post-), and 3 days after the recovery period (Recov-).ResultsThe cardiac fibrosis biomarkers (ST2 and Gal-3) increased from Pre- to Mid-. During the second half, ST2 remained higher than pre-values as opposed to Gal-3. Necrosis, ischemia, and myocyte injury biomarkers increased until Mid- then decreased but remained higher at Recov- than Pre-values. Oxidative stress appeared at Mid-. Lipid peroxides remained higher at Recov- compared to Pre-. The maximal value in most of these biomarkers was observed at Mid- and not at Post-.ConclusionsThe present study supports biphasic kinetics of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers, with a relative recovery during the second half of the event that seems specific to this extreme event. Overall, performing at such an extreme ultramarathon seems less deleterious for the heart than shorter events.</jats:sec

Kinetics of Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis Biomarkers During an Extreme Mountain Ultramarathon

ObjectivesThe effects of ultra-distance on cardiac remodeling and fibrosis are unclear. Moreover, there are no data reporting the kinetics of cardiac alterations throughout the event and during recovery. Our aim was to investigate the kinetics of biological markers including new cardiac fibrosis biomarkers suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) during and after an extreme mountain ultramarathon.MethodsFifty experienced runners participating in one of the most challenging mountain ultramarathons (330 km, D+ 25,000 m) were enrolled in our study. Blood samples were collected at four time points: before (Pre-), at 148 km (Mid-), at the finish line (Post-), and 3 days after the recovery period (Recov-).ResultsThe cardiac fibrosis biomarkers (ST2 and Gal-3) increased from Pre- to Mid-. During the second half, ST2 remained higher than pre-values as opposed to Gal-3. Necrosis, ischemia, and myocyte injury biomarkers increased until Mid- then decreased but remained higher at Recov- than Pre-values. Oxidative stress appeared at Mid-. Lipid peroxides remained higher at Recov- compared to Pre-. The maximal value in most of these biomarkers was observed at Mid- and not at Post-.ConclusionsThe present study supports biphasic kinetics of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers, with a relative recovery during the second half of the event that seems specific to this extreme event. Overall, performing at such an extreme ultramarathon seems less deleterious for the heart than shorter events

Measurement protocol and subject positioning.

An articulated arm ensures that no contact occurs between the transducer and the thigh. Acoustic coupling is ensured using a home-designed silicon pool conforming to the shape of the leg that is filled with bubble-free acoustic gel. All subjects were placed in the supine position using a feet holder to ensure that the quadriceps femoris muscle remained at rest. To maximize inter-day reliability and hasten re-positioning, 4 indelible skin lines were traced during the Pre session (with a waterproof marker). The first line extended across the thigh and was drawn 15 cm above the upper edge of the patella, perpendicular to the patella-ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) axis. The remaining three lines were drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the center of each of the three muscle heads (RF, VM, VL). Per the PLOS ONE policy regarding papers including identifying or potentially identifying, information, each subject was informed of the terms of the PLOS open-access (CC-BY) license and provided permission for the publication of these details under the terms of the license.</p