Overview of European and international regulation and standardisation activities

International audienceInternational technical committees have been created inside the ISO and IEC organisations so as to facilitate the world-wide industrialisation and commercialisation of hydrogen systems and fuel cells. The working group ISO TC 197 entitled Hydrogen Technologies has already published international standards and is very active in the edition of standards for all the hydrogen chain from production to end use. The working group IEC TC 105 focuses on fuel cell technologies. It is also currently drafting many standards for fuel cell applications (mobile, stationary, portable and micro fuel cells). At an international level, the UNECE is actively working for the publication of two Global Technical Regulations for vehicles fuelled with gaseous or liquid hydrogen. And, finally, many European projects intend to facilitate the implementation of a harmonised and well-adapted regulation and standardisation framework

A contiuum model for low temperature relaxation of crystal steps

High and low temperature relaxation of crystal steps are described in a unified picture, using a continuum model based on a modified expression of the step free energy. Results are in agreement with experiments and Monte Carlo simulations of step fluctuations and monolayer cluster diffusion and relaxation. In an extended model where mass exchange with neighboring terraces is allowed, step transparency and a low temperature regime for unstable step meandering are found.Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.Let

Educación del Serenazgo en gestión del riesgo de desastres y su impacto en la atención al vecino surcano

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en AdministraciónLa investigación presente “Educación del Serenazgo en Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres y su impacto en la atención al vecino surcano”, tiene como objetivo, efectuar el análisis y el efecto de la educación del Serenazgo en la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres del distrito de Santiago de Surco, para motivar, incrementar las potencialidades y mejorar las capacidades del personal de Serenazgo del Municipio distrital de Santiago de Surco en lo que respecta a los procesos para la estimación, procesos de prevención y reducción, procesos de preparación, respuesta y recuperación, y finalmente, reconstrucción ante el riesgo de que se produzcan desastres; impactando en la atención del vecino surcano. La metodología se tradujo en diagnosticar el nivel de educación del Serenazgo y su impacto en la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres dentro del radio de alcance del Municipio distrital de Santiago de Surco, cuyos actores son la Subgerencia de Defensa Civil, así como en la Gerencia de Desarrollo Urbano y en la Subgerencia de Seguridad Ciudadana. Se utilizaron estadísticas y estudios previos con las áreas involucradas, documentación digital como papers y documentos web. El resultado principal de esta investigación fue la necesidad de capacitar al personal de Serenazgo para lograr conocimiento en la gestión que pueda permitir afrontar los riesgos y aplicarlo en la gestión ante los desastres, orientados a reducir los daños psicológicos y físicos de los vecinos del distrito. La conclusión general es entonces capacitar al personal de Serenazgo en la Estimación de riesgo ante los desastres, para desarrollar herramientas que permitan en primer lugar la detección y luego la estimación del riesgo, así como el de orientar a la población en la prevención a fin de lograr la reducción del riesgo, identificando aliados de carácter estratégico, que fortalezcan la capacitación y difusión.The present research "Education of the Serenazgo in disaster risk management and its impact on the attention to the surcano neighbor", has as purpose, to carry out the analysis and the effect of the education of the Serenazgo in the Disaster risk management of the district of Santiago of Surco, to motivate, increase the potentialities and improve the capabilities of the Serenazgo personnel of the District Municipality of Santiago de Surco regarding the processes for estimation, prevention and reduction processes, preparation, response and recovery processes, and finally, reconstruction in the face of the risk of disasters; impacting the attention of the surcano neighbor. The methodology was translated into diagnosing the level of education of the Serenazgo and its impact on the management of the risk of occurrence of disastrous events within the range of the District Municipality of Santiago de Surco, whose actors are the Civil Defense Sub-Department, as well as in the Department of Urban Development and the Deputy Manager of Citizen Security. Statistics and previous studies were used with the areas involved, digital documentation such as papers and web documents. The main result of this research was the need to train Serenazgo personnel to gain knowledge in management that could allow them to face the risks and apply it in disaster management, aimed at reducing the psychological and physical damage of the residents of the district. The general conclusion is then to train the personnel of Serenazgo in the Estimation of risk in the face of disasters, to develop tools that allow first of all the detection and then the estimation of the risk, as well as that of orienting the population in the prevention in order to achieve risk reduction, identifying strategic allies that strengthen training and dissemination

Dendritic Cells from HIV Controllers Have Low Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection In Vitro but High Capacity to Capture HIV-1 Particles

ANRS CO21 CODEX cohortInternational audienceHIV controllers (HICs), rare HIV-1 infected individuals able to control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy, are characterized by an efficient polyfunctional and cytolytic HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of such response in many HICs despite controlled viremia are not clear. Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the generation and reactivation of T cell responses but scarce information is available on those cells in HICs. We found that monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) from HICs are less permissive to HIV-1 infection than cells from healthy donors. In contrast MDDCs from HICs are particularly efficient at capturing HIV-1 particles when compared to cells from healthy donors or HIV-1 patients with suppressed viral load on antiretroviral treatment. MDDCs from HICs expressed on their surface high levels of syndecan-3, DC-SIGN and MMR, which could cooperate to facilitate HIV-1 capture. The combination of low susceptibility to HIV-1 infection but enhanced capacity to capture particles might allow MDDCs from HICs to preserve their function from the deleterious effect of infection while facilitating induction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by cross-presentation in a context of low viremia

Warum Greece ?

Certainement pas parce que ce serait nous-mêmes en plus lointains, en antiques et d’origine ; ni, car c’est aussi convenu, parce ce serait quelque chose d’Autre, de perdu et d’un peu barbare, loin des illusions dont il faudrait sans cesse se déprendre pour mieux le connaître ; ni, encore, l’obligation ardente de s’y transporter comme à l’étranger pour en revenir comme vraiment soi-même, c’est-à-dire intempestif car un peu antiquisé et par là enfin actuel et renouvelé – selon les trois formes ..

L’interprétation littéraire, théories et pratiques

Pierre Judet de La Combe, directeur d’études Formes discursives en Grèce archaïque : mythe et cosmologie Le séminaire est parti de la question classique du rapport, discontinu ou continu selon les interprétations et les philosophies de l’histoire plus ou moins implicites qui leur sont sous-jacentes, entre la composition épique grecque archaïque ayant la « naissance des dieux » pour objet (le « mythe ») et les systématisations de la connaissance sur la nature proposées par les premiers « philo..