Synthesising ENI-Systems with Interval Order Semantics

\ua9 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Elementary net systems with inhibitor arcs are a class of fundamental Petri net models with very simple markings which are sets of places. Their standard semantics is based on sequences of executed transitions or, alternatively, as labelled total orders. In this paper, we introduce semantics based on interval (partial) orders which allows one to describe behaviours where transitions have non-atomic duration. For such a semantical model, we consider the net synthesis problem, and show that the standard notion of a region of transition system (providing input to the synthesis procedure) can still be applied after suitable modifications

Minimising the Synthesised ENL-systems

\ua9 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org). Elementary Net Systems with Localities (enl-systems) is a class of Petri nets introduced to model gals (globally asynchronous locally synchronous) systems, where some of the components might be considered as logically or physically close and acting synchronously, while others might be considered as loosely connected or residing at distant locations and communicating with the rest of the system in an asynchronous way. The specification of the behaviour of a gals system comes very often in the form of a transition system. The automated synthesis, based on regions, is an approach that allows to construct Petri net models from their transition system specifications. In our previous papers we developed algorithms and tool support for the synthesis of enl-systems from step transition systems, where arcs are labelled by steps (sets) of executed actions. In this paper we focus on the minimisation of the synthesised nets. In particular, we discuss the properties of minimal, companion, and complementary regions, and their role in the process of minimisation of enl-systems. Furthermore, we propose a strategy to eliminate redundant regions. Our theoretical results are backed by experiments (the algorithms for the minimisation are implemented within the workcraft framework)

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of veterans who are serving sentences in custody

The focus on veterans in research is not a novel topic; however, the majority of studies are related to trauma, employment, mental health, suicide, and substance misuse. The Criminal Justice System involvement with veterans is a topic that has yet to be examined to a great extent. This study, conducted with adult male prisoners, elicited information from six veterans regarding their experiences of being in the armed forces, leaving the armed forces and becoming involved in the Criminal Justice System. Responses were evaluated using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and three main themes were identified: “you’re baptised into the army”, ‘them and us,’ and ‘operational mind set’; each of which comprised a number of superordinate themes. The research highlights that, although it is important to acknowledge the heterogenic nature of this group, it is equally important to note that much of their thinking and behaviour may be similar to those that have not had these experiences. As such, there is a need to reduce the notion that they are separate and different to other prisoners, requiring different treatment. The study highlights that many of the Offending Behaviour Programmes and interventions already available to prisoners would be appropriate for this group. The current research supports the merit in creating a service in prisons that will allow for ex-servicemen to meet together and access the support that is available to them. The implications of the research are discussed further

Synthesis of Petri Nets with Localities

Automated synthesis from behavioural specifications is an attractive way of constructing computational systems. In this paper, we look at a specific instance of this approach which aims at constructing GALS (globally asynchronous locally synchronous) systems. GALS systems are represented by Petri nets with localities, each locality defining a set of co-located actions, and specifications are given in terms of transition systems with arcs labelled by steps of executed actions. The proposed synthesis procedures are based on the regions of transition systems, and work without knowing which actions are to be co-located. We consider two basic classes of Petri nets, viz. Elementary Net System with Localities (ENL-system) and Place/Transition nets with localities (PTL-nets). In particular, we discuss ENL-systems where there is no conflict between events coming from different localities. In such a case, the synthesis problem reduces to checking just one co-location relation. This result is then extended to PTL-nets

Signal set tissue systems and overlapping localities

Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog

Interval Order Synthesis of EN-Systems with Read and Mutex Arcs

\ua9 2025 Copyright for this paper by its authors.Elementary net systems (EN-systems) are a fundamental Petri net model with simple markings and simple connections between places and transitions. To enhance their modelling power, a number of extensions have been proposed such as transition probabilities or inhibitor arcs. In this paper, we consider EN-systems extended with read and mutex arcs. The resulting ENRM-systems allow one to capture a wider range of computational/dynamic systems than the original EN-systems. The standard semantical models of EN-systems and their extensions are based on sequences of executed transitions (or total orders) or sequences of sets of transitions executed simultaneously (or stratified orders). The first kind of semantics does not capture simultaneity of executed transitions, and the second kind only allows a restrictive form of (transitive) simultaneity. In this paper, we introduce semantics of ENRM-systems based on interval (partial) orders which allows one to describe behaviours where transitions have non-atomic duration and the simultaneity of executed transitions does not need to be transitive. Assuming such a semantical model, we consider the net synthesis problem for ENRM-systems, and demonstrate that the standard notion of a region of a transition system (providing input to the synthesis procedure) can still be applied after suitable modifications

Adding A/Sync Places to the Synthesis Procedure for Whole-Place Operations Nets with Localities

Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog

Teaching modern foreign languages in multilingual classrooms: an examination of Key Stage 2 teachers’ experiences

The statutory inclusion of modern foreign languages (MFL) into the Key Stage 2 curriculum in England in 2014 aimed to raise the language skills of younger learners in preparation for their secondary education. This change to the curriculum has occurred at a time in which the linguistic diversity within primary schools across the country has been consistently increasing. This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to qualitatively examine the impact of the curriculum change on teachers implementing it in multilingual classrooms in Greater Manchester. Six teachers with varying experience in teaching MFL participated in semistructured interviews focussing on different aspects of the curriculum change. This paper focuses on the teaching of MFL, as well as on teachers’ perceptions of English as an Additional Language (EAL) pupils’ aptitude for language learning in comparison to their monolingual peers. The superordinate themes identified from the data included the inconsistent delivery of MFL in primary schools, and the role of multilingual classrooms as opportunities for augmented MFL provision. The findings from this study will have implications for teachers, head teachers, and policy-makers regarding the effectiveness of the initial implementation of MFL into the primary curriculum, with specific reference to the EAL school population

The lived experiences of experienced Vipassana Mahasi meditators: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Research into the effects and mechanisms of mindfulness training draws predominantly on quantitative research. There is a lack of understanding about the subjective experiences of experienced mindfulness meditators, which may provide additional insights into the effects, processes and context of mindfulness training. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of a novel group of experienced mindfulness meditators who practise Vipassana Mahasi (VM) meditation. The study aimed to understand how experienced VM practitioners make sense of the effects of practice and what processes they ascribe to it. Participants attended semistructured interviews, and their responses were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results yielded overarching themes including (a) improvements in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being; (b) insights into self, others and perception of reality; (c) attaining equanimity; and (d) physical and interpersonal difficulties. Participants perceived VM as a ‘cleansing’ process whereby maladaptive responses were eliminated through mindfulness, other supportive mental qualities, decentering and nonattachment. The findings revealed a complex and dynamic set of interdependent outcomes and processes, which are reinforced by Buddhist teachings and ethical practices. This study highlights the need for additional interdisciplinary research into topics such as insight generation and supportive mental qualities cultivated during VM, novel states of well-being informed by Buddhist constructs and interpersonal difficulties related to long-term practice. Findings also suggest that incorporating Buddhist teachings and ethics into mindfulness-based interventions may enhance practitioner understanding and implementation of meditation techniques.N/

Dobrobyt, wzrost gospodarczy i ich nierównomierność w regionie : wybrane modele, mechanizmy i orientacje polityki rozwojowej

Przestrzenna koncentracja dobrobytu i nierównomierny wzrost gospodarczy z jednej strony oraz dążenie do wspierania rozwoju obszarów zmarginalizowanych z drugiej strony to jeden z głównych i wciąż nierozwiązanych dylematów regionalnej polityki rozwojowej. Ogniskują się w nim również jedne z największych wyzwań, stojących dziś przed rozwojem Mazowsza, w którym polaryzacja między centrum a peryferiami wciąż narasta. Książka ta stanowi jeden z elementów realizacji projektu Gospostrateg Mazovia 2.0 pt. Zrównoważony rozwój województwa mazowieckiego w nowym układzie jednostek NUTS2 i NUTS3. Poziom metropolitalny, regionalny i podregionalny, którego głównym celem jest znalezienie sposobów na zrównoważenie dobrobytu i dyfuzję procesów rozwojowych na terenie Mazowsza. Opracowanie to nie przynosi wprawdzie konkretnych rozwiązań, ale buduje teoretyczne podstawy do dalszych badań, postawienia pytań i hipotez badawczych dotyczących przebiegu procesów rozwojowych na obszarze Mazowsza, które są przedmiotem kolejnych faz realizacji wspomnianego projektu. Autorzy analizują rozumienie dobrobytu w układzie terytorialnym, jego części składowych oraz związków ze wzrostem gospodarczym. Prezentują oni teorie wyjaśniające rozprzestrzenianie się lub koncentrowanie procesów rozwojowych w wymiarze całej gospodarki, a także jej regionów i subregionów. W swoich badaniach poruszają zagadnienia takie jak: modele i czynniki wzrostu, teorie wyjaśniające nierównomierny wzrost gospodarczy, mechanizmy koncentracji i rozprzestrzeniania się wzrostu na poziomie regionalnym czy wreszcie nowe podejścia do regionalnej polityki rozwojowej, zorientowane na łańcuchy wartości i inteligentne specjalizacje. W powyższej perspektywie opracowanie to ma charakter uniwersalny i można je polecić nie tylko badaczom gospodarki Mazowsza, ale także wszystkich innych regionów, które borykają się ze skutkami nierównomiernego wzrostu.11-14